渤海稠油热采添加剂室内模拟驱油实验研究

化学辅助降粘是提高稠油采收率的重要方法之一。针对渤海稠油目前存在的蒸汽热采过程中原油乳化使粘度迅速增大的问题,研制一种热采添加剂,可以在蒸汽热采过程中注入地层,降低原油乳化率及粘度,增加采收率。该热采添加剂由实验室自制二嵌段聚醚类添加剂、酚醛树脂类添加剂和成熟使用的KLD添加剂复配而成。实验结果表明该热采添加剂具有较好的防乳效果、降粘效果和较好的降低界面张力的特性。通过室内模拟驱油实验,该热采添加剂在添加量为0.3%时,其岩心原油最终采收率达到了91.61%。     

喇一负压原油稳定系统改造分析研究

天然气分公司喇一油气处理站拥有一套350×104 t/a负压原稳装置,是大庆六厂地区重要的产能装置,由于原油组分变贫、压缩机效率偏低、加热率控制系统不稳定等原因,目前该装置轻烃产量偏低。本文通过对该装置存在的问题进行分析,提出了合理的装置改造方案,为天然气分公司的轻烃上产工作做出了积极探索。     

Alkyd emulsions

Various aspects of alkyd emulsion technology have been investigated. The influence of alkyd oil length, acid value and hydroxyl number and type of surfactant used as emulsifier, on shear stability of alkyds emulsions have been studied. It was found that the acid value was the most important alkyd parameter, the stability increasing with increasing oil length. It is also shown that anionic surfactants give emulsions with small droplet sizes at lower concentrations than do nonionics. Polymerizable nonionic surfactants have been tested as emulsifiers and compared with conventional surfactants of the same hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB). It was found that surfactants capable of participating in the autoridative curing process give faster drying and improved film hardness compared with nonreactive surfactants. The distribution of driers between the alkyd phase and the water phase has been investigated. It was found that low pH and the use of hydrophilic anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate, favour partitioning of cobalt into the aqueous phase which is unfavourable with respect to drying properties.     

油田注水系统压力脉动滤波器结构参数仿真分析

本文用流体网络理论建立了用于油田注水系统的压力滤波器的数学模型,开发了用于分析压力滤波器衰减特性、输入阻抗和损失的软件,找到了压力滤波器的结构参数对管路脉动特性的影响规律。     

清溪乌鳖油脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

采用气相色谱-质谱法对清溪乌鳖油脂中脂肪酸组成进行分析。共检测到22种脂肪酸,其中单不饱和脂肪酸6种,多不饱和脂肪酸9种,饱和脂肪酸7种。清溪乌鳖富含ω-3脂肪酸,含量达16.69%。此外清溪乌鳖油中9-十八碳烯酸（油酸）和9-十六碳烯酸（棕榈油酸）的含量也较高。本研究为清溪乌鳖油在生物制药和营养保健品领域的开发应用提...     

某机组高压外缸开裂原因分析

采用残余应力测试、力学性能测试、断口分析和金相检验等方法分析了某机组ZG15Cr1Mo1V-B2钢高压外缸在泵水时开裂的原因。结果表明:开裂始于高压外缸内表面的补焊区,该区为缩松缺陷密集区,材料塑性指标不符合技术条件要求,导致缺陷处的承载能力下降,应力集中加剧;另高压外缸补焊区的残余应力较大,硬度与基体之间的差异也较大;可见,汽缸在补焊过程中未能将铸造缺陷彻底清除干净,焊接质量不高和焊后去应力处理不充分是造成该高压外缸在泵水时开裂的主要原因。     

Fluid flow in a screw pump oil supply system for reciprocating compressors

This work presents a mathematical analysis of an oil supply system for reciprocating compressors. The system is based on a single screw pump attached to the bottom end of the vertical rotating shaft immersed in the oil sump. The fluid flow in the pump was modeled with a semi-analytical approach based on the solution for the laminar fully developed oil flow in a screw extruder via the Generalized Integral Transform Technique. The screw pump model is coupled with that for the flow in the shaft region so as to provide an estimate of the oil flow rate and of the so-called ‘climbing-time’, i.e., the amount of time needed for a fluid particle to travel from the oil sump to the top of the shaft. The calculation method was verified against experimental data and Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling results.     

混合指示剂单相滴定法测定烷基磷酸酯钾盐

本研究用混合指示剂单相滴定法测定ISO标准方法所不能测定的磷酸盐阴离子表面活性剂的浓度.测定PK、E502A、昆山PK的常数K分别为355.lg/M、420.7g/M和344.0g/M,变异系数分别为1.45%、0.59%和1.26%,测定实际试样的加标回收率为98.2～103.9%.方法准确、简单、快速,不需用毒性较大的有机溶剂,本法适用于化纤油剂和涤纶短纤维上油率等的测定.     

木素及衍生物在油田上的应用

木素磺酸盐及改性物在三次采油过程中，具有降低石油磺酸盐等阴离子型活性剂在岩石表面上的吸附损失、乳化原油，与石油磺酸盐产生协同效应，降低油、水界面张力，提高残余油回收效率的性能。介绍了木素碘酸盐的改性方法与用途。应用木素磺酸盐及改性物进行三次采油，对于有效地开采水驱残余油，降低表面活性剂驱油成本具有重要意义。     

高吸油性树脂的合成和应用

本文叙述了高吸油性树脂的合成和应用方面的最新发展，介绍了六种现有的合成方法，简要说明其结构特点以及吸油特性。六种合成方法包括：单烯—双烯化学交联，溶剂致孔的单烯—双烯化学交联，官能团化学交联，辐射化学交联，聚氨酯泡沫，复合材料。高吸油性树脂的结构特点是：高分子之间形成一种三维的交联网状结构，材料内部具有一定微孔结构。由于树脂分子内的亲油基链段和油分子的溶剂化作用，高吸油性树脂发生膨润。吸油过程由分子扩散控制和Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ方程控制两部分组成。适度交联，适当减小粒径可提高树脂的吸油速度。介绍了高吸油性树脂在三废处理、芳香剂、杀虫剂、诱鱼剂基材，纸张添加剂、渔网防污剂基材，合成树脂的改性添加剂等方面的应用