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71.
Effects of Admixtures on the Anti—oxidation Property of MgO/Si3N4 Composite Refractory 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The effect of the admixtures of Al and Si metals and B4C and MgAlON compounds on the oxideation of MgO/Si3N4 composite refractory has been studied,which is a promising carbon free refractory for steel-making applicatlon.The four kinds of admixtures can be used as anti-oxidants for Si3N4,ut the mixture of Al and Si achieved the best result .The mixture can not only play the role as antioxidant,but also assist the sintering process and help form dense sintering layer,improving the property of the composite. 相似文献
72.
Cem??zdemir Ayse?Nilgün?Akin Ramazan?YildirimEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2003,20(5):840-843
The maximization of the total surface area of Pt-SnO2/Al2O3 catalyst was studied by using the Taguchi method of experimental design. The catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method. The
effects of HNO3, H2O and aluminum nitrate concentrations and the stirring rate on the total surface area were studied at three levels of each.
L9 orthogonal array leading nine experiments was used in the experimental design. The parameter levels that give maximum total
surface area were determined and experimentally verified. In the range of conditions studied it was found that, medium levels
of HNO3 and H2O concentration and lower levels of aluminum nitrate concentration and stirring rate maximize the total surface area. 相似文献
73.
Ccile Donze Pavel Korovchenko Pierre Gallezot Michle Besson 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2007,70(1-4):621-629
The synthesis of substituted benzaldehydes, benzoic acids, heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes and acids has been studied via the oxidation of the aromatic alcohols with air under mild pressure (<20 bar) at 100 °C, in the presence of a 1.95 wt.% Pt/C catalyst. The solvent was found to play the most important role in determining the selectivity of the oxidation products. Changing the solvent enabled tuning the reaction either to the aldehyde (pure dioxane), or the carboxylic acid (dioxane/aqueous solution without or with addition of sodium hydroxide). This oxidation method allowed to effectively oxidize many substituted benzylalcohols with various electron-releasing or -attracting groups (NO2, Me, OMe, Cl, Br, OH, phenyl, …) and heterocyclic alcohols including nitrogen and sulphur atoms (2-thiophenemethanol, 2- and 4-pyridine methanol compounds). 相似文献
74.
Fernando J. Beltrán 《臭氧:科学与工程》1997,19(1):13-38
Kinetics of competition between the ozone direct reaction with compounds in water, ozone-hydroperoxide ion reaction leading to free radicals in the O3/H2O2 process, and the photolysis of ozone in the O3/UV process are discussed in terms of diffusion and reaction times to establish conditions for these reactions to be competitive. Film theory and chemical kinetic concepts then are applied to estimate initial rates of ozone absorption and consumption, removal rates of compounds present in water, and the importance of the radical oxidation path versus direct ozone and/or photolysis reactions. 相似文献
75.
1 模拟计算1.1 动力学和流动模型模拟计算中采用陈纪忠等建立的动力学模型,其反应网络为:描述该6种组分的生成或消失速率的动力学方程式在文献[1]中已有详细报道。从冷模研究得到:液相流动为全混流;u_g≥7 cm/s 时气相流况可视作平推流。若从各种流动模型的计算结果看,气相即使作为全混流,计算结果差异也甚小。本文采用液相全混、气相平推的流动模型。 相似文献
76.
Electrochemical cell current requirements for toxic organic waste destruction in Ce(IV)-mediated electrochemical oxidation process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vasily V. Kokovkin Sang Joon Chung Subramanian Balaji Manickam Matheswaran Il-Shik Moon 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(5):749-756
The electrochemical cell for cerium oxidation and reactor for organic destruction are the most important operation units for
the successful working mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process. In this study, electrochemical cells with DSA electrodes
of two types, single stack and double stack connected in series, were used. The performances towards the electrochemical generation
of Ce(IV) in nitric acid media at 80 °C were studied. The current-voltage curves and cerium electrolysis kinetics showed the
dependence on number of cell stacks needed to be connected in series for the destruction of a given quantity of organic pollutant.
The presence of an optimum region for Ce(III) oxidation with a contribution of oxygen evolution, especially at low Ce(III)
concentration (high conversion ratios), was found. The cells were applied for the Ce(IV) regeneration during the organic destruction.
The cell and reactor processes were fitted in a simple model proposed and used to calculate the current needed in terms of
Ce(III) oxidation rate and the number of cell stacks required for maintaining Ce(IV)/Ce(III) ratio at the same level during
the organic destruction. This consideration was based on the kinetic model previously developed by us for the organic destruction
in the MEO process. 相似文献
77.
Ozone mass transfer rates were determined for nine expanded porous Teflon membranes that had different pore size, thickness, and pore volume, a nonporous Teflon membrane, and a PVDF membrane. The mass transfer coefficient was 7.6 ± 0.5 × 10?5 m/s at Re of 2000 for all membranes tested even though pore sizes ranged from 0.07 to 6 μm and thickness from 0.076 to 0.25 mm. Mass transfer increased with liquid side Reynolds number. Therefore, it is likely that ozone mass transfer is liquid phase controlling and not membrane limited. For a hypothetical case of 4000 m3/d and 2 mg/L ozone transferred, plate and frame membrane and hollow fiber contactors are approximately one and two orders of magnitude smaller, respectively, than fine-bubble diffusers. 相似文献
78.
The lattice of an oxide catalyst used for oxidation reactions can act as a reservoir for oxygen, storing and releasing it for reactions at the catalyst surface under appropriate conditions. The implication of this oxygen storage property of an oxide catalyst on its dynamic response characteristics has been investigated through an experimental study of 2-butene oxidation over vanadium oxide as a model reaction. Isothermal reaction rate measurements in a differential reactor and nonisothermal studies in a single pellet reactor have been carried out. Following a step increase in the feed butene concentration, isothermal reaction rate overshoot and pellet temperature overshoot were observed. These observations could be modelled in a qualitatively correct way by a very simple model accounting for the participation of lattice oxygen in the catalytic reactions under dynamic conditions. It is demonstrated through model simulations that the ignition characteristics of a catalyst pellet are significantly affected by the participation of the lattice oxygen, when steady state multiplicity is present. 相似文献
79.
The process of ozonation of glyoxal in aqueous solution has been studied by following its chemical and kinetic evolution. Results show that the oxidative process leads to formation of carboxylic functions and carbon dioxide according to a constant selectivity ratio at varying conversion degree.. Comparison between the oxygen amounts of reaction products and the corresponding ozone consumptions reveals that molecular oxygen takes part in the reaction process. System behavior is explained on the basis of radical reaction mechanism. 相似文献
80.