颗粒活性炭吸附去除水中雌激素的试验研究

以自来水为试验原水,投加雌酮(E1)、雌二醇(E2)和乙炔雌二醇(EE2),考察了颗粒活性炭去除水中雌激素的效果及动力学.结果表明,活性炭吸附能快速有效地去除水中雌激素.接触10 min后,即达到吸附平衡.平衡质量浓度与雌激素起始质量浓度有关.初始质量浓度为500 ng/L时,E1、E2和EE2的去除率分别为74.7%、89.5%和82.8%.E1、E2和EE2同时存在时,活性炭对E2的吸附效果显著变差(初始质量浓度为500 ng/L时,吸附平衡质量浓度由44.65 ng/L增加到195.03 ng/L),而对E1和EE2的吸附效果没有影响.不同初始质量浓度的等温吸附数据可用Freundlich等温吸附方程来描述.     

采用离子交换吸附对蛹虫草中虫草素的提取研究

采用超声波法对蛹虫草中虫草素进行粗提,筛选得到了最佳吸附介质阳离子树脂001×16,该介质对虫草素的吸附特性,包括吸附等温线、吸附动力学条件等进行了探讨。结果表明,001×16对虫草素的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,最佳吸附条件为pH值为4.0,温度15℃,吸附时间3 h。在此优化条件下,虫草素最大吸附量可达到1.3 mg/g。     

不同米蛋白组分与镉的结合规律

对制备的4种不同米蛋白样品与镉进行结合动力学、热力学分析,结果表明:4种蛋白与镉结合的速度均非常快,30min就达到了反应平衡;其中,醇溶蛋白与镉的结合量最高(23.78mg/g),球蛋白的q值最低(3.64mg/g);结合过程符合准二级动力学模型;与Freundlich模型相比,Langmuir模型能更好地用来描述4种蛋白的等温吸附;结合反应的ΔG°值均为负值,而ΔH°均为正值,表明都是自发的吸热反应;酶提蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的ΔH°分别为41.44,40.32,58.75kJ/mol,推测它们与镉的结合是配位结合,其中醇溶蛋白可能是多齿配位;氨基酸组成的不同,可能是影响4种米蛋白与镉结合的主要因素,谷氨酸和天冬氨酸含量之和与q值的相关性达到了0.967。     

碳羟磷灰石的制备及其吸附镍离子的动力学研究

研究了碳羟磷灰石(CHAP)对Ni2+的吸附性能。从pH值、吸附时间及初始Ni2+浓度三方面对吸附能力的影响进行吸附试验。试验结果表明,在常温常压,CHAP吸附Ni2+的最佳pH值为6,最佳吸附时间为60 min,吸附量达到35.48 mg/g。CHAP对Ni2+的吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型。CHAP吸附Ni2+的能力随着废水中Ni2+浓度增加而增加,最大吸附量为38.8 mg/g,CHAP对Ni2+的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式。     

海藻酸纤维对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附性能研究

以海藻酸钠为原料,通过湿法纺丝制备了海藻酸纤维,研究了水溶液中Cu2+的浓度、吸附时间、pH值以及纤维用量对海藻酸纤维吸附性能的影响,并对等温吸附模型进行了分析.结果表明,海藻酸纤维对Cu2+的吸附速率比较快,在10min基本达到吸附平衡;pH在4.5～5.5时纤维吸附作用最大,Cu2+浓度越高纤维吸附容量越大,纤维加入量越大Cu2+平衡浓度越低;Freundlich吸附等温式能较好的描述海藻酸纤维对Cu2+的平衡吸附过程.     

A New Adsorption Based Correlation for Estimation of Membrane Bulk Porosity

In this work, a new simple correlation has been derived for the prediction of the bulk porosity decline during nanofiltration of a salty (ionic) solution using the PVD membrane. This model has been developed on the basis of the adsorption of the cations available in the feed onto the membrane. Therefore, three adsorption isotherms were tested and fitted to the equilibrium adsorption data, and the Freundlich isotherm was subsequently realized as the best choice. The porosity model included two adjustable parameters which can be determined theoretically and experimentally. Adsorption isotherms were combined for the determination of the first parameter and a novel method called “Flux test” was developed for the other parameter estimation. A reasonable agreement was observed between experimental- and model-predicted porosity. The model's ability of estimation indicates a little decrease at higher pressures due to approaching an unfavorable equilibrium adsorption condition and deviation from the isotherm's parameters from the actual equilibrium amounts to this situation.     

Experimental studies of ionic surfactant adsorption onto carbonate rocks

One of the main factors in chemical-based enhanced oil recovery, especially surfactant flooding, is a surfactant adsorption loss onto the reservoir rock. The main aim of this article is performing systematically a study on the adsorption behavior of an industrial ionic surfactant, which is currently employed in petroleum upstream. It is worth mentioning that sodium dodecyle sulphate was employed as an ionic surfactant in this study. Moreover, adsorption density at equilibrium condition was determined. Crushed carbonate rocks were used as rock samples. To determine adsorption behavior of the aforementioned surfactant onto carbonate surface, various surfactant concentrations were created in the range of 500 to 5,000 ppm. Furthermore, via using an electrical conductivity measurement, the surfactant concentration in each solution before and after contacting with carbonate rocks was determined. Two well-known adsorption isotherms, including Freundlich and Langmuir, were employed to specify the adsorption mechanism. Based on the experimental results the Freundlich adsorption isotherm can predict the adsorption behavior of SDS onto carbonate rock surface.     

Adsorption of butanol from aqueous solution onto a new type of macroporous adsorption resin: Studies of adsorption isotherms and kinetics simulation

BACKGROUND: Owing to the rapid depletion of petroleum fuel, the production of bio‐butanol has attracted much attention. However, low butanol productivity severely limits its potential industrial application. It is important to establish an approach for recovering low‐concentration butanol from fermentation broth. Experiments were conducted using batch adsorption mode under different conditions of initial butanol concentration and temperature. Batch adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and the macropore diffusion, pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order models for kinetic study. RESULTS: The maximum adsorption capacity of butanol onto KA‐I resin increase with increasing temperature, ranged from 139.836 to 304.397 mg g^?1. The equilibrium adsorption data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was more accurately represented by the macropore diffusion model, which also clearly predicted the intraparticle distribution of the concentration. The effective pore diffusivity (D_p) was dependent upon temperature, but independent of initial butanol concentration, and was 0.251 × 10^?10, 0.73 × 10^?10, 1.32 × 10^?10 and 4.31 × 10^?10 m² s^?1 at 283.13, 293.13, 303.13 and 310.13 K, respectively. CONCLUSION: This work demonstrates that KA‐I resin is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of butanol from aqueous solutions and available for practical applications for future in situ product recovery of butanol from ABE fermentation broth. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of freeze‐dried colostral whey powders with different additives

Moisture adsorption isotherms of colostral whey (CW) powders with different additives (maltodextrin and sucrose) were determined using gravimetric static method at 15–35 °C in the water activity range of 0.067–0.76. The moisture adsorption isotherms obtained were typical sigmoid curves, and the modified‐Halsey and Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer (GAB) equations gave the best fit to experimental data among five well‐known equations. Addition with maltodextrin into CW powders could effectively decrease equilibrium moisture content (EMC), whereas addition with sucrose increased EMC in the water activity of 0.43–0.76 at 15 and 25 °C and in the water activity of 0.21–0.76 at 35 °C, respectively. Thermodynamic properties including net isosteric heat of sorption and differential entropy were determined from adsorption data using Clausius–Clapeyron equation. The results showed that net isosteric heat of sorption of all the samples decreased exponentially with increasing EMC. Enthalpy–entropy compensation theory was applicable for adsorption process of all the samples, and the adsorption processes were enthalpy‐driven.