粉煤灰基多孔玻璃微珠研制

以粉煤灰为原料,采用立式成珠炉反应装置、热分相和酸浸析方法制备了多孔玻璃微珠,探讨了其吸附特性和成珠条件。研究结果表明:在1273K温度下的立式成珠炉内,在833K热分相温度、3mol/LHCI酸浸析条件下,粉煤灰和添加剂粉末可制得孔径分布在12nm左右、孔隙率较高的白色多孔玻璃微珠。     

矸石基吸附剂的研制及其吸附性能研究

以煤矿的废弃物煤矸石为原料，研究了373—400K温度范围内，煤矸石在乙胺和水的蒸汽相中自转变合成纯度、结晶度均较高的矸石基吸附剂的过程。用氮吸附静态容量法，测得该矸石基吸附剂的氮吸附等温线、比表面和孔分布曲线。通过矸石基吸附剂对苯酚的吸附实验，给出了矸石基吸附剂对它的吸附等温线。实验表明合理的吸附温度、大的比表面和适当的膜化工艺对提高矸石基吸附剂的吸附量都是有效的。     

快速热解褐煤焦的低温氮吸附等温线形态分析

利用热力工况与实际煤粉锅炉相似的管式沉降炉，在快速热解条件下制备了不同粒度及不同热解时间的元宝山褐煤煤焦试样，采用美国Micromeritics公司ASAP2020自动吸附仪测定各煤焦试样的低温氮吸附等温线，对吸附等温线形态的分析表明，不同粒度及不同热解时间的煤焦，其吸附等温线都是典型的Ⅱ型吸附等温线，说明其具有较连续的完整的孔系统，孔径范围是从小至分子级孔(孔径约0.86 nm)，大至无上限孔(相对而言).由吸附回线分析，各煤焦试样的孔隙可能是由大量一端封闭的盲孔（一端封闭的圆形孔、一端封闭的平行板状孔、一端封闭的楔形孔或一端封闭的锥形孔）以及部分的裂缝形孔组成.     

Phosphorus retention capacity of filter media for estimating the longevity of constructed wetland

The filter medium could be selected and the longevity of the filter medium by the phosphorus saturation could be predicted in the constructed wetland system, accordingly proposing the scheme to remove the phosphorus for a long period. The phosphorus adsorption capacities of various filter media were investigated in relation to the size and types of filter media to screen the optimal condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the constructed wetland longevity by improving P adsorption capacity. The maximum P adsorption capacities of filter media A (4-10 mm), B (2-4 mm), and C (0.1-2 mm) were 7.7, 11.6, and 22.5 mg/kg, respectively, showing that they increased as the filter media size decreased. Among the experimental media, the optimal filter media size was 0.1-2 mm. When Ca, Mg, Al and Fe were added to the filter medium C, which is the optimal filter medium, the addition of Ca improved mostly the P adsorption capacity. In the alternative proposal to use these facts, the oyster shell was added to the filter medium and the P adsorption capacity was examined: adding 2% oyster shell increased the P adsorption capacity from 23 to 36 mg/kg. In the column where the oyster shell was mixed, when the oyster shell content was 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% in the filter medium C, the respective saturation times of the P adsorption were about 6, 9, 17, 30, 43, 56, and 70 days. When the oyster shell content was 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% after 1 month in the column, the P adsorption amount was about 180, 600, 1560, 4280, 6157, 7089, 7519, and 7925 mg/kg, respectively. The increment of the P adsorption amount was small if the oyster shell content was 60% or more, because the filter medium with more than 60% oyster shell content did not approach the saturation time by the P adsorption yet. The P adsorption amount for 60%, 80%, and 100% could be predicted as about 9702, 12,879, and 16,056 mg/kg, respectively. The largest amount of extracted P in the filter media with oyster shell after 30 days of P solution application was bound to Ca, followed by water soluble-P, Al-P, and Fe-P. Therefore, it was concluded that the adsorption amount of the phosphorus could be increased by adding the oyster shell to the filter medium. Also, it was concluded that adding the oyster shell to the filter medium in the constructed wetland was the scheme to extend the longevity of the constructed wetland by the phosphorus saturation, and using the oyster shell would be useful in aspect of economical efficiency and easiness. Especially, it would be the alternative proposal to reduce the environmental pollution in aspect of recycling wastes.     

无机离子交换剂的Na-NH4^＋离子交换特性

研究以天然沸石为基体制备无机离子交换剂的方法;利用离子交换剂的吸附等温曲线,可得到阳离子最大的交换容量;通过离子交换剂的吸附动力学曲线,可求得吸附平衡时间。结果表明,以改性剂M为改性材料,在天然沸石与改性剂M质量比为4：1时制得的无机离子交换剂的阳离子交换容量最高,常温时能达50mg／g,平衡吸附时间约为2h。     

Adsorption/desorption of phenols onto granular activated carbon in a liquid–solid fluidized bed

The adsorption/desorption of phenols in aqueous solution onto coconut‐shell granular activated carbon (GAC) in a liquid–solid fluidized bed adsorber approaching saturation capacity was investigated. Experiments were carried out using a 20 mm id adsorber under a variety of operating conditions including GAC particle sizes (0.937, 1.524 mm), GAC mass (12, 24 g), influent phenol concentration (0.367–1.071 mmol dm⁻³), surface loading of GAC (2.0, 2.5 mmol g⁻¹) and liquid flow rate (0.15, 0.2, 0.35 dm³ min⁻¹). The effect of repetitive adsorption/desorption cycles on the adsorption capacity has also been examined for phenol/GAC systems. The model based on the external mass transfer with film‐surface diffusion, surface adsorption equilibrium and internal mass transfer was proposed to simulate the breakthrough curves of the phenol adsorption/desorption process. Using the experimentally measured Langmuir isotherm equilibrium parameters in the model has been found to describe reasonably well the experimental results. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

An isotherm model describing concave-down scatchard curve for heterogeneous affinity adsorption

A new isotherm model, derived for a concave-down Scatchard curve, is presented to fit the experimental results for pepsin and chymosin adsorption to pepstatin A affinity membranes. The new model is converted into a kinetic expression and used for the fitting of association curves. The results from the new kinetic model show a better agreement with the experimental data than the Langmuir kinetic model. The new kinetic model is also used together with the affinity membrane model to predict the single-solute breakthrough curves, which performs well in matching the experimental curves. ©1997 SCI     

Heat transfer enhancement in a parallel plate duct by an oscillating thin plate insertion

Various arrangements were considered for two thin plates, oscillated by a flow in a parallel plate duct, with a view to enhancing the heat transfer along the duct. Heat transfer and pressure distributions were measured at varying the clearances from the wall and various plate separations. The maximum and mean Nusselt numbers have a Reynolds number dependence of Re^0.8, and were, respectively, 2.3 and 1.6 times as large as those in fully developed turbulent flow, for air with Reynolds number ranging from 9,000 to 37,500. Full-field infrared imaging, a relatively new technique, was used to obtain the temporal and spatial temperature profiles on the wall surface. Isotherm contours of the infrared images correspond well to the heat transfer characteristics and flow. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25 (8): 554–567, 1996     

Investigation of zinc(II) adsorption on Cladophora crispata in a two‐staged reactor

In this study, the adsorption of zinc(II) ions on Cladophora crispata, a green alga, was studied with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial metal ion and biomass concentration in order to determine the optimum adsorption conditions. Optimum initial pH values for zinc(II) ions were found to be 5.0 at optimum temperature, 25 °C. The initial adsorption rates increased with increasing initial zinc(II) ion concentration up to 100 mgdm⁻³. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were developed at various initial pH and temperature values. Then, the adsorption of zinc(II) ions to C crispata was investigated in a two‐staged mixed batch reactor. The residual metal ion concentrations (C_eq) at equilibrium at each stage for a given quantity of dried algae (X_o)/volume of solution containing heavy metal ion (V_o) ratio were calculated by using Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm constants. It was observed that the experimental biosorption equilibrium data for zinc(II) ions are in good agreement with those calculated using both Freundlich and Langmuir models. The adsorbed zinc(II) ion concentration increased with increasing X_o/V_o ratios while the adsorbed metal quantities per unit mass of dried algae decreased. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

鞍钢11号高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型的开发与应用

对监视炉缸、炉底工作状态数学模型建立方法,如何应用该模型判断炉底、炉缸热面温度变化,推断1150℃等温线位置及炉缸的工作状态进行了介绍,并对该数学模型在鞍钢11号高炉上的应用情况进行了总结,确定鞍钢11号高炉炉缸、炉底温度场工作标准。