应用小波变换剔除超声多重反射的研究

利用小波变换具有空间局部化的特性和表征信号奇异性的能力,在适当尺度下刻画待检对象表面第1次超声回波信号的极大值点,从中选择最大值点作为脉冲重复频率(PRF)技术“与操作”的基准点,以满足PRF技术在消除超声多重反射时对“与操作”基准点需高精度定位的要求,从而解决传统方法对检测设备和操作条件严格一致的弊端。计算机仿真与实验研究表明提出的方法是可行的,并具有较强的鲁棒性和适用性。     

Pseudo Relevance Feedback for Searech-Based Image Annotation

Search-based image annotation （SBIA） is a promising way of Automatic image annotation （AIA）. In this paper, Pseudo relevance feedback （PRF） is employed to SBIA （referred as PRF-SBIA） for effectively promoting the annotation performance. Given an un-annotated image as the query, PRF is triggered out for collecting more relevant images from the annotated images. With these relevant images, PRF-based probability model is built up to characterize the hidden relation between the visual content of images and the textual keywords. Furthermore, based on the text-based retrieval technique, a regularized factor with respect to the reliability of keywords is pro- posed to re-rank the annotation list in each round of PRF. The experimental results reveal that high annotation accuracy can be achieved via PRF-SBIA.     

Investigations on surrogate fuels for high-octane oxygenated gasolines

Gasoline is a complex mixture that possesses a quasi-continuous spectrum of hydrocarbon constituents. Surrogate fuels that decrease the chemical and/or physical complexity of gasoline are used to enhance the understanding of fundamental processes involved in internal combustion engines (ICEs). Computational tools are largely used in ICE development and in performance optimization; however, it is not possible to model full gasoline in kinetic studies because the interactions among the chemical constituents are not fully understood and the kinetics of all gasoline components are not known. Modeling full gasoline with computer simulations is also cost prohibitive. Thus, surrogate mixtures are studied to produce improved models that represent fuel combustion in practical devices such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) and spark ignition (SI) engines. Simplified mixtures that represent gasoline performance in commercial engines can be used in investigations on the behavior of fuel components, as well as in fuel development studies. In this study, experimental design was used to investigate surrogate fuels. To this end, SI engine dynamometer tests were conducted, and the performance of a high-octane, oxygenated gasoline was reproduced. This study revealed that mixtures of iso-octane, toluene, n-heptane and ethanol could be used as surrogate fuels for oxygenated gasolines. These mixtures can be used to investigate the effect of individual components on fuel properties and commercial engines performance.     

Direct numerical simulations of the ignition of lean primary reference fuel/air mixtures with temperature inhomogeneities

The effects of fuel composition, thermal stratification, and turbulence on the ignition of lean homogeneous primary reference fuel (PRF)/air mixtures under the conditions of constant volume and elevated pressure are investigated by direct numerical simulations (DNSs) with a new 116-species reduced kinetic mechanism. Two-dimensional DNSs were performed in a fixed volume with a two-dimensional isotropic velocity spectrum and temperature fluctuations superimposed on the initial scalar fields with different fuel compositions to elucidate the influence of variations in the initial temperature fluctuation and turbulence intensity on the ignition of three different lean PRF/air mixtures. In general, it was found that the mean heat release rate increases slowly and the overall combustion occurs fast with increasing thermal stratification regardless of the fuel composition under elevated pressure and temperature conditions. In addition, the effect of the fuel composition on the ignition characteristics of PRF/air mixtures was found to vanish with increasing thermal stratification. Chemical explosive mode (CEM), displacement speed, and Damköhler number analyses revealed that the high degree of thermal stratification induces deflagration rather than spontaneous ignition at the reaction fronts, rendering the mean heat release rate more distributed over time subsequent to thermal runaway occurring at the highest temperature regions in the domain. These analyses also revealed that the vanishing of the fuel effect under the high degree of thermal stratification is caused by the nearly identical propagation characteristics of deflagrations of different PRF/air mixtures. It was also found that high intensity and short-timescale turbulence can effectively homogenize mixtures such that the overall ignition is apt to occur by spontaneous ignition. These results suggest that large thermal stratification leads to smooth operation of homogeneous charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines regardless of the PRF composition.     

X波段雷达重复频率（PRF）设计

雷达信号处理的根本目的是从杂波中提取运动目标 ,本文从杂波有效抑制的角度对X波段测高雷达进行PRF设计。对设计结果的分析表明 ,X波段雷达采用中脉冲重复频率PD体制 ,信杂比改善因子增大 ,有利于云雨杂波背景下目标信号的检测 ;同时 ,虽然增加了距离解模糊电路 ,但可以省去脉冲压缩电路 ,综合效能明显提高     

一种高脉冲重复频率雷达微弱目标检测跟踪方法

针对高脉冲重复频率(PRF)雷达对微弱目标的检测跟踪问题,该文提出一种雷达测距模糊条件下基于检测前跟踪(TBD)的微弱目标跟踪方法.该算法借用TBD的思想精髓,对于每一时刻的量测,既不进行目标有无的检测也不解距离模糊,而是将目标检测和解距离模糊统一在目标真实航迹的获取中.首先通过批处理把目标的模糊量测在所有模糊区间进行多假设扩展,从而提取量测的时空相关信息;然后基于目标真实航迹在时空上的连续性和不同PRF量测之间的相关性,通过TBD方法得到目标航迹,同时实现解距离模糊.与同类研究相比,该方法将微弱目标解距离模糊问题统一到目标航迹的检测确认过程中,避免了低信噪比(SNR)造成的航迹漏检,为实现高脉冲重复频率雷达微弱目标的检测跟踪提供了一种新的思路.最后,通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性.     

RANGE AMBIGUITY DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTIC OF SPACEBORNE SAR AND ITS DESIGN CONSIDERATION

A new approach is proposed which can satisfy the range ambiguity requirement while keep the antenna width not to be enlarged and get the high quality image also. Here the chirp slope of the transmitted linear frequency modulated pulses is reversed alternately. Therefore, during the range compression significant portion of the ambiguous return which is due to the mismatching with the signal reference function is suppressed. The suggested method provides significant improvement in range ambiguity ratio and can be utilized in attaining wider swath.     

数字图像合成器欺骗式干扰的识别方法

分析了数字图像合成器（DIS）生成的目标图像与真实目标图像之间的异同点,经过推导,得出识别数字图像合成器欺骗式干扰的方法：由于相位增量量化导致欺骗式假目标在横向多普勒方向上图像不连续;脉冲重复频率不匹配时,由DIS生成的欺骗式假目标经ISAR处理后在成像视窗内目标数量会发生变化。从而发现了数字图像合成器欺骗式干扰的缺陷,对识别这种干扰的假目标具有决定意义。     

热处理温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备ZrH_(1.8)表面氧化锆膜层的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备锆的醇盐,以锆的醇盐为前驱体涂在氢化锆表面制备氧化锆膜层以防止氢化锆中氢析出。研究了热处理温度对氧化锆膜层的物相组成、形貌及阻氢性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析测试了氧化锆膜层的截面形貌、表面形貌及相结构。通过真空脱氢实验对膜层的阻氢性能进行评估。结果表明,热处理温度在600℃以上时,可以在氢化锆表面获得致密并连续的氧化锆膜层;氧化锆膜层的阻氢因子PRF(permeation reduction factor)值随着热处理温度的升高呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当热处理温度为600℃时获得氧化锆膜层的阻氢因子最高,为8.6;氧化锆膜层主要由四方相氧化锆T-ZrO_2和单斜相氧化锆M-ZrO_2组成,并以单斜相氧化锆M-ZrO_2为主。     

汽油压燃发动机中燃烧化学动力学特性的模拟

利用PRF70掺混燃料作为汽油表征燃料进行仿真研究,将三维计算软件CONVERGE和Chemkin结合,研究了汽油压燃燃烧反应过程的主要放热反应并对其进行了相关的化学反应路径分析。结果表明:在汽油压燃燃烧反应过程中,不同反应对总放热率的贡献不同,由HCO+O_2CO+HO_2、CH2O+OHHCO+H2O、CH2CCH2OH+O_2CH2OH+CO+CH2O是燃料燃烧过程中对放热贡献最大的3个反应,其放出的热量远大于其他反应;汽油压燃燃烧反应过程中参与夺氢反应的自由基主要有4种,分别是HO_2、OH、H、O,在不同曲轴转角处上述4种自由基参与夺氢反应的重要性不同,HO_2夺氢反应所占比例始终领先其他3种,H、O参与的夺氢反应所占比例随曲轴转角的增加而增加,相应的OH参与夺氢反应所占比例减少;汽油压燃燃烧反应过程中,随着曲轴转角的变化,缸内温度升高,异辛烷发生高温裂解的比例增加。