濮城油田砂岩储集层物性下限标准研究

制定砂岩储集层物性下限标准是准确判定其产油部位、划分油层有效厚度的基础工作之一。分析了影响物性下限取值的经济因素（主要有石油政策、经济指标、开发工艺、分析化验、资料丰度等）和地质因素（主要有储油层岩性、胶结物成分及含量、孔隙结构、原油性质、储集层压力、储集层裂缝等）。利用东濮凹陷濮城油田沙一段、沙二段砂岩储集层的取心井样品分析及单层试油等资料,采用５种方法（物性试油法,经验系数法,储油能力和产油能力甩尾法,钻井液侵入法,测试分析法）研究储集层的物性下限,并对各研究方法加以分析评价。据此确定了濮城油田合理的物性下限标准（孔隙度为１２％,渗透率为１．５×１０－３μｍ２）。影响储集层物性下限标准的因素较多,必须从多个方面反映各因素的影响,避免因方法单一导致下限标准取值偏差过大;不同地质条件和油田开发工艺条件下的物性下限标准有差别,应根据各油田的情况确定相应的物性下限标准。同一油田不同层位的储集层地质特征差别较大时,也须分别制定各自下限标准。当油田开发工艺、资料丰富程度等有较大变化时,应重新确定物性下限标准。图５表１参３（邹冬平摘）     

一种含能硝基化合物对低燃速低燃温双基推进剂性能影响

为进一步降低低燃速低燃温双基推进剂的燃速、燃温,对一种含能硝基化合物的降温、降速效果进行了实验研究,设计了系列含无机铅盐、有机铜盐及过渡元素金属催化剂的双基配方。通过燃速测试及高压差示扫描量热法(PDSC)研究上述推进剂的燃烧性能和热分解特性。含该硝基化合物的推进剂DSC曲线呈三峰放热,放热峰峰温分别在200℃、280℃、350℃左右,第三峰不明显。结果表明:该含能硝基化合物能有效降低推进剂的燃速、燃温,但使推进剂的压强指数增大,而加入催化剂能改善推进剂的燃烧性能,使压强指数降低,分解放热量也降低。     

Development and evaluation of a 3D mobile application for learning manual therapy in the physiotherapy laboratory

Teaching manual therapy is one of the most relevant issues in a physiotherapy course. However, knowledge of anatomy is considered fundamental for an effective instruction of this topic. Students should be able to refresh this knowledge while practicing manipulative techniques in the teaching laboratory in an efficient way.In this paper, we present a novel anatomy learning application for mobile devices and describe the successful embedding of such tool into a practical manual therapy course in a laboratory. This application provides students with interactive 3D visualizations of medical imaging on easy-to-carry hand-held devices.We also report two evaluations of this tool. The first one was conducted to evaluate the students' and professors' grade of satisfaction when using our tool. The second one was carried out to determine whether the tool has better learning outcomes than standard methods of teaching anatomy.Students and professors rated the proposed m-learning tool very positively. We also found significant relevance in learning outcomes through the use of this tool. We can conclude that the developed application could be a useful tool for studying manual therapy, and that it could be integrated into the existing physiotherapy curricula.     

Harnessing social dynamics through persuasive technology to promote healthier lifestyle

In light of current calls by medical professionals to confront the global issue of obesity and related illnesses, we developed a mobile application called STEP UP that monitors physical activity and provides data that can be easily shared within a social network. We then conducted an exploratory, theoretical study based on the theory of reasoned action (TRA) followed by an experimental trial and user study. The purpose of the studies was to explore the effect of persuasive technology on physical activity behavior and to investigate its effectiveness in motivating users to use the technology to be more physically active. The application was found to have a positive effect on the participants and their level of physical activity. They enjoyed using the application and were motivated to walk more, especially when enabled to share their step counts with their friends. The social component of the application clearly enhanced users’ walking experience, as the atmosphere of friendly competition motivated them to walk more. Based on user responses, we conclude that a further enhanced application that includes chat functionality may be even more successful in supporting increased physical activity and thus healthier lifestyle.     

日本第七次国土规划浅析

2015年8月,日本出台了其战后第七次国土规划--形成对流促进型国土,这也是目前日本最新的国土规划。该规划基于日本对未来30年世界经济发展趋势的预测及研判,提出了日本未来10年经济社会、产业布局、在世界及亚洲的定位等发展方向。本文在收集一手日文资料并翻译规划原稿的基础上,采用文献集采法,从日本国土规划的历史沿革开始梳理,详细介绍了日本最新国土规划的产生背景、主要目标、基本理念和战略定位等核心内容,重点剖析了日本历次国土规划的发展变化特点,在此基础上得出对我国国土规划制定实施的一些启示。     

Assessment of duration and frequency of work tasks by telephone interview: reproducibility and validity

Quantitative estimation of physical work load requires breakdown of jobs into smaller entities. The objective was to study the inter-rater reproducibility of the contents, frequency and duration of work tasks assessed by telephone interview. Two researchers interviewed 18 industrial workers with an interval of from 2 to 3 weeks in a balanced and blinded design. Altogether 114 tasks were identified, 68 of which were recorded by both interviewers. The tasks were classified into regularly occurring (n=34) and occasional (n= 80). The outcome was the total duration of the tasks per day computed from the data on frequency and duration. Validity of the interview was studied against prestructured diaries filled in by nine workers. The interviewers' assessments of the overall contents of the tasks were rated as ‘similar’ or ‘very similar’ for 17 of the 18 workers. Both interviewers detected all 34 regularly occurring tasks. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the total duration between the interviewers was 0.81 for regularly occurring tasks. ICCs of the total duration between the diary and the two interviewers were 0.90 and 0.91. However, in many cases the workers could not give a numerical value for duration or frequency. A telephone interview can be used as a first step in exposure assessment in epidemiological studies on risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. These results show that a single telephone interview can give reproducible and valid information of the frequency and duration of tasks occurring daily. For occasional tasks interview methods should be developed further.     

The effects of whole-body restriction on task performance

Many occupations, particularly involving maintenance operations, require individuals to perform both physical tasks and mental tasks in restricted spaces. Researchers have examined physical task performance under various restrictions; however, little research has investigated the effects of restricted space on cognitive tasks. Cognitive task performance in restricted spaces presents cognitive demands (i.e. the task itself) as well as additional physical demands (e.g. awkward postures), which may adversely affect task performance or operator workload. This research focused on the effects of whole-body restrictions on cognitive task performance. An experiment was conducted that examined 9 levels of restriction created in a laboratory: an unrestricted control, 6 single whole-body restrictions at two severity levels (2 lateral, 2 sagittal and 2 vertical) and 2 multiple restrictions (sagittal/vertical, lateral/sagittal/vertical). An inspection task served as the cognitive task. Behavioural, physiological and psychophysical measures were collected and analysed to measure the operator and performance effects. Operator response differences were found among the various forms of restriction as well as the severity level of similar forms of restriction. Increasing restriction significantly affected the behavioural and physiological operator response as opposed to the cognitive response.     

Modelling handgrip strength in the presence of confounding variables: results from the Allied Dunbar National Fitness Survey

Differences in handgrip strength, caused by risk factors such as physical inactivity, will be influenced by ‘confounding’ variables, e.g. age, body size. The aims of the study were to identify the confounding variables associated with handgrip strength and to assess the benefit that physical activity plays in maintaining grip strength within a population, having adjusted for differences in these confounding variables. The most appropriate linear body size dimension associated with grip strength was height rather than demispan. Non-linear associations with age and body mass were also identified. Handgrip strength peaked in the age group 25 – 34 years for male subjects and in the age group 35 44 years for female subjects. Similarly, handgrip strength increased with body mass until it peaked at a body mass of approximately 100 kg for male and 90 kg for female subjects; thereafter a rapid decline in grip strength was observed. Differences in handgrip strength were found to be significantly associated with levels of physical activity even having controlled for differences in age and body size (height, mass and percentage body fat), but the observed association was not linear. The level of physical activity necessary to maintain an optimal level of handgrip strength was found to be a balance of moderate or vigorous occasions of physical activity.     

Review Essay A personal perspective on aging and productivity,with particular reference to physically demanding work

The influence of the aging process upon productivity is briefly reviewed, with particular reference to the paradox that decreases in aerobic power, muscle strength, sensory acuity, and cerebral function, together with reduced tolerance of adverse environments and poor health, are not associated with the anticipated losses in ability to undertake work that is physically or mentally demanding. The performance of heavy physical work by an older worker can be improved substantially through a combination of appropriate initial selection of employees, subsequent exercise and lifestyle programmes to maximize function, and ergonomic measures ranging from more frequent rest pauses and a shorter working day to task redesign or automation. Compulsory retirement is an inequitable response to the declining performance of some workers, because there are large inter-individual differences in biological age. Current laboratory and field tests of work capacity also have limited reliability and validity, and it may thus be necessary to rate the performance of older employees on the job. The decision whether to retire in the face of ill-health is currently coloured by financial concerns, but in the future automation may allow increased pension payments, so that the decision to retire would be always made voluntarily.     

Technical Note: Method for objective assessment of physical work load at the workplace

This paper presents a method for objective assessment of physical work load at the workplace. The method is based on the DynaPort ADL Monitor. Using accelerometry, this monitor enables the assessment of gross motor activity as it occurs during the activities of daily living (ADL). A case study is conducted to explore the usefulness of the monitor in support of occupational research. The focus is on the cause and reduction of mechanical low back pain (LBP). A patient suffering from mechanical LBP participated in the study. He worked as messenger in contrast with his usual occupation. The patient was examined in both occupations using the monitor. The ADL profiles indicated that the messenger job was more likely to cause LBP than the other occupation of a mechanic.