A new approach to the mechanism of chlorine evolution: Separate examination of the kinetic steps using ac impedance on a rotating thin ring electrode

In the absence of a bulk diffusion effect, it is shown for the first time that the impedance spectra for the chlorine evolution reaction on a rotating thin ring electrode comprise three consecutive semicircles in the capacitive half of the complex plane. The first (highest frequency) semicircle is due to the charge-transfer resistance for chloride discharge and the simultaneous chlorine adsorption coupled to the double-layer capacitance. The second semicircle (around 5 Hz) is due to the adsorption and desorption of a chlorine intermediate. The third (lowest frequency, around 0.5 Hz) semicircle is due to the relaxation of surface oxygen species. The impedance data allow the steps of the overall reaction to be examined individually. On a Pt surface the rate of chloride discharge and simultaneous chlorine adsorption (the admittance of the first semicircle) is first order with respect to chloride concentration and has a potential-dependence close to 58 mV/decade. The rate of the adsorption and desorption process (the admittance of the second semicircle) is second order with respect to chloride concentration, and has a potential dependence close to 30 mV/decade. The time constant for the adsorption/desorption processes is ca 20 ms, independent of electrode potential in the range studied. These features are consistent with a mechanism in which a faster discharge reaction (Cl⁻ Cl_ad + e) is followed by a slower surface combination reaction (2Cl_ad → Cl₂), but inconsistent with mechanisms in which ion + atom desorption is predominant, the initial chloride discharge is slow, or a unipositively charged chlorine species is involved.     

减小磁滞损耗的偏转磁芯设计

本文通过对偏转磁芯用的铁氧体材料的磁滞损耗特性的分析 ,提出了通过改变偏转磁芯外表面形状以减小磁滞损耗的方法。优化计算结果表明 ,对于Philips 17″CMT的 3C2材料 5mm壁厚的磁芯 ,改用椭圆外表面的磁芯后 ,磁滞损耗降低了 2 7 5 %。     

Proton and hydrogen formation by cyclohexyl benzene during overcharge of Li-ion batteries

This study provides experimental evidence for proton and hydrogen formation caused by the anodic electropolymerization of cyclohexyl benzene (CHB), which is a popular electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It is found that considerable H₂ evolution is observed in overcharged LiCoO₂/graphite cells, especially when CHB is included as an electrolyte additive. In order to confirm the proton generation during the CHB oxidation, Pt/Pt-rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) measurements are performed in 1 M Li(C₂F₅SO₂)₂N ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (1/2, v/v) solutions with and without CHB. The cathodic ring current is intimately correlated to the anodic disc current, and the cathodic reaction at the ring is determined to be the reduction of the proton. The proton generation efficiency during the CHB oxidation is as high as 90%. Proton liberation is also observed during the anodic decomposition of the electrolyte solvents, although it occurs in a much less stoichiometric way compared with that during the CHB oxidation.     

油泵柱塞和轴承外套失效分析

对断裂的油泵柱塞、轴承外套从成分、组织、工艺等方面进行了检验分析。结果表明，柱塞首先断裂，断裂后的柱塞碎片卡住了轴承外套，使轴承外套过载脆断。而柱塞的断裂是由于热处理不当，造成淬火加热温度过高，使柱塞的显微组织出现粗大的针状马氏体，并引起淬火裂纹，导致柱塞的韧性下降，脆性增大，随着载荷作用和液压油的渗入，裂纹进一步扩展，当裂纹扩展笃柱塞有效载面积承受不了全部工作应力时，发生脆性断裂。     

PLC在环锭捻线机上的应用

介绍了如何使用PLC和数字变频调速技术 ,对传统环锭捻线机进行技术改造 ,使锭速、捻度和卷绕成形变换实现数字化柔性控制 ,扩大了工艺参数的变化范围 ,使整个捻线加工车间实现信息化管理成为可能。     

CT引导下经皮穿刺骨骼活检时穿刺针的选择与应用

在行骨骼活检时，穿刺针的选择非常重要，甚至直接影响着活检的成功与否。笔者根据多次实践，应用环锯和Ackerman钻取外替代传统的活检方法取得了较好的效果。     

WDM光环形网络保护及实现方法

提出了WDM环形网络的几种保护方案,分析了利用1:1环路配置方式进行WDM光环形网络保护的实现方法,简单介绍APS在环保护中的应用。     

Y型密封圈橡胶模设计

介绍了Y型橡胶模具的设计 ,重点对模具结构和模腔尺寸进行了分析和阐述 ,经生产验证 ,此模具结构合理 ,定位可靠 ,操作方便 ,从而为同类产品的设计提供了参考。     

A One‐Kilobit PQR‐CMOS Smart Pixel Array

The photonic quantum ring (PQR) laser is a three dimensional whispering gallery (WG) mode laser and has anomalous quantum wire properties, such as microampere to nanoampere range threshold currents and √T‐dependent thermal red shifts. We observed uniform bottom emissions from a 1‐kb smart pixel chip of a 32×32 InGaAs PQR laser array flip‐chip bonded to a 0.35 µm CMOS‐based PQR laser driver. The PQR‐CMOS smart pixel array, now operating at 30 MHz, will be improved to the GHz frequency range through device and circuit optimization.     

电液同步控制筒阀在小浪底水电厂的应用

小浪底水电厂位于多泥沙的黄河干流上，水轮机活动导叶会因磨损过大而严重漏水，在水轮机的设计上必须考虑这个因素;同时，为适应混水发电，小浪底水电厂机组采用了筒阀。文中介绍了筒阀的结构特点、功能及控制原理等，并对其在现场的实际应用情况进行了分析。