The distributed dislocation technique for calculating plasticity-induced crack closure in plates of finite thickness

An analytical method for calculating plasticity-induced fatigue crack closure in plates of finite thickness is presented. The developed method utilizes the distributed dislocation technique (DDT) and Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature. Crack tip plasticity is incorporated by adopting a Dugdale type strip yield model. The finite plate thickness effects are taken into account by using a recently obtained three-dimensional solution for an edge dislocation in an infinite plate. Numerical results for the ratio of the size of the crack tip plasticity zones are presented for the cases of uniform thickness wake and linearly increasing wake for a range of plate thickness to crack length ratios and applied load ratios. The results show a very good agreement with previous analytical solutions in the limiting cases of very thick and very thin plates. Further results for the opening stress to maximum stress ratio are also provided and are compared with known three-dimensional finite element (FE) solutions. A good agreement is observed. The developed method is shown to be an effective and very powerful tool in modeling the crack closure phenomenon.     

Behavior of bridge girders with corrugated webs under monotonic and cyclic loading

The focus of this study is to investigate the behavior of plate girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs under fatigue loading. Six girders were tested under both monotonic and cyclic four-point loading arrangements. A relationship between the stress range, F_r, and the number of cycles to failure, N, was developed for the girders. The results from the fatigue tests were related to the current AASHTO specifications and compared with the test results of different types of girders carried out by others. Nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to study the effects of the different geometrical parameters of this type of girders on the stress concentrations at different locations and to explain the findings of the experimental study. Two sources of stress concentration leading to fatigue cracking were isolated and evaluated; one is dependent on the radius of curvature between the web folds and the other depends on the inclination angle of the inclined fold. An analytical technique based on fracture mechanics is also proposed to enable designers to determine the fatigue life of corrugated web steel girders.     

一种车牌自动识别系统设计方法

通过对连续视频流分析的方法判断并捕获车牌图像帧;基于数学形态学方法和边缘特征分析来进行车牌定位,进行二值化、引入多指标联合评价函数判断反色等处理;最后基于连通体分析的方法切分字符。实验表明本系统设计方法是可行的。     

刺辊与分梳板隔距对生条质量的影响

为探讨分梳板工艺对生条质量的影响,用Uster AFIS单纤维测试系统对两档刺辊速度、三种不同刺辊与刺辊下分梳板隔距条件下所加工的生条质量进行了检测.结果表明:在刺辊下加装分梳板能提高生条中纤维平均长度,有利于减少短绒;在大多数情况下,加装分梳板能减少生条中的棉结和带籽屑棉结,但对杂质去除不利;在刺辊采用820 r/min速度、刺辊与分梳板采用1.0 mm隔距时,有利于全面提高生条质量.     

Natural convection from narrow horizontal plates at moderate Rayleigh numbers

The present work deals with the natural convection flow and heat transfer from a horizontal plate cooled from above. Experiments are carried out for rectangular plates having aspect ratios between φ=0.036 and 0.43 and Rayleigh numbers in the range 290?Ra_w?3.3×10⁵. These values of Ra_w and φ have been selected below those commonly considered in previous research in view of a future application to the design of printed circuit boards. The plates are made of two different metals, copper and steel. The choice of a metal is relevant to the present problem because the plates are heated by means of an electric current. Important variations of the surface temperature are observed along the transverse direction for the steel plates. The surface of the copper plates is almost isothermal because of the high thermal conductivity of the metal.Calculations for a semi-infinite plate are carried out to predict the transverse profiles of the surface temperature and heat flux and to visualize the structure of the flow. Three-dimensional calculations are also used at a qualitative level to observe the changes in the flow structure due to the finite length of the plate. Present results are compared with both previous experimental work and analyses that are based on boundary layer theory. It is shown that analyses for an infinite boundary layer are not completely applicable to the present problem because of its different physics. The most relevant feature of the natural convection flow, which is not predicted by boundary layer analyses, is a thermal plume rising near the center of the plate.Present heat transfer results differ from previous experimental work because of the lower Rayleigh numbers and aspect ratios investigated here. The Nusselt number is found to depend on Ra_wⁿ, with the exponent n=0.17 being lower than most of the values reported in the literature. This comparatively low value is related to the transverse conduction of heat through the air, which becomes increasingly significant as Ra_w approaches zero. It is shown that such a low-Ra_w effect can be accounted for in a physically consistent manner by adding a constant term to the heat transfer correlation. On the other hand, it is found that the Nusselt number does not significantly depend on the aspect ratio in the range of φ investigated contrary to what has been previously reported for wider plates.     

中板轧机主传动万向接轴辊端接头断裂事故分析

采用机械测试、三维有限单元、金相组织分析等现代综合分析技术 ,对中板轧机主传动万向接轴辊端接头断裂事故进行分析。事故的主要原因是热处理工艺不当     

基于灰度化及边缘检测算法的车牌识别技术研究

日益增长的车辆数量给车辆的管理带来前所未有的压力,车辆的智能化、信息化管理问题也愈来愈突出,车牌识别便是解决车辆智能化管理的有效技术手段之一。介绍车牌识别技术体系的整套解决方案,采用MatLab进行程序仿真,运用权值加重法和均值法对所提取车牌进行灰度化预处理,通过局部差分算法实现车牌图像的边缘检测识别。仿真结果表明该技术方案具有较好的可行性。     

Local boiling heat transfer characteristics of ammonia/water binary mixture in a vertical plate evaporator

The next-generation energy production systems are expected to be based on ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) and discharged thermal energy conversion (DTEC). These systems use a plate-type evaporator and ammonia or an ammonia/water mixture as a working fluid. It is important to clarify heat transfer characteristics for designing efficient power generation systems. Measurements of local boiling heat transfer coefficients and visualizations were performed for an ammonia/water mixture (z = 0.9) on a vertical flat plate heat exchanger at a range of mass fluxes (7.5-15 kg m⁻² s⁻¹), heat fluxes (15-23 kW m⁻²), and pressures (0.7-0.9 MPa). The results show that in the case of an ammonia/water mixture, the local heat transfer coefficients increase with an increase in the vapor quality and mass flux and decrease with an increase in the heat flux. The influence of the flow pattern on the local heat transfer coefficient is also observed.     

基于孤立像素点去除的车牌ROI区域快速定位方法研究

车牌识别（LPR）作为当前较为广泛研究的热门课题之一,已经日趋成熟和完善,但传统车牌提取算法中仍然存在对单个像素点过分依赖、识别率不高等问题。提出一种基于孤立像素点去除的车牌感兴趣区域提取方法,在Sobel算子边缘检测算法的基础上,采用基于行列比例和周围相似度两种方法,对单像素点进行处理,有效去除影响感兴趣区域中的孤立点,突出车牌特征并提高识别精度。实验结果表明,该方法较传统方法识别速率平均提高约5%,识别精度平均提高约15%。     

管式正极板管窥

本文概述了管式正极板的构造和演变,分析了它的利和弊,介绍了其制作要点和蹾粉注意事项。