Influence of Thermal Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of Niobium Alloyed PM‐Tool Steel

Abstract

This work describes carbides present in the tool steel containing 2.5% C, 3.3% Si, 6.2% Cr, 2.2% Mo, 2.6% V, 2.6% Nb, 1.0% W, prepared by the powder metallurgy (PM) process. The influence of thermal treatment conditions on carbide behavior is investigated. During austenitization, some dissolution of M₇C₃ occurs, while MC carbides are thermally stable. So, the quenched steel is composed of two types of carbides: chromium rich M₇C₃ and niobium rich MC, besides martensite and retained austenite. During tempering of the hardened steel at the temperatures above 480°C, the precipitation of very fine carbides and martensite recovery occur, which results in secondary hardening. Precipitated particles are predominantly vanadium and molybdenum rich MC, M₂C, and M₆C carbides.     

溶剂法制备尼龙11粉末工艺研究

用溶剂法制备了尼龙11粉末,并讨论了溶剂配比、工艺温度、恒温时间等因素对其粒径的影响。试验表明最佳工艺为尼龙树脂∶溶剂=1∶6、140℃恒温反应2h,产品200目(75μm)通过率可达到90%以上,基本保持了尼龙11树脂原有的物理性能。     

An investigation of density determination methods for porous materials,small samples and particulates

Three new density measurement techniques have been devised and evaluated for the measurement of non-standard objects, namely porous material samples, small solid samples, powders and particulates. Hydrostatic weighing has traditionally been used to determine the density of solid artefacts. This method is not, however, suitable for porous objects since they will adsorb water making weighing in water unstable and possibly detrimental to the material samples. A method, weighing the artefacts in inert gas, has been developed for this application. The density determination of small solid artefacts cannot be achieved by conventional hydrostatic weighing techniques due to limits on the accuracy with which the weight-in-water can be determined. A density gradient column method for such measurements, delivering very low uncertainties, has been developed and evaluated. A liquid pyknometry method has also been investigated as an alternative to traditional helium and mercury pyknometry. The technique offers improved accuracy and a precise determination of thermal coefficient of the sample under test.     

现代粉末冶金材料和技术发展现状(二)

概述现代粉末冶金材料和技术的发展现状。介绍了传统粉末冶金材料与先进粉末冶金材料的基本特性、应用情况及发展趋势,较系统介绍了机械合金化、粉末注射成形、温压成形、喷射成形、微波烧结、放电等离子烧结、自蔓延高温合成、烧结硬化等新技术的研究与开发状况。内容分一、二两部分,分两期发表。     

超音速火焰喷涂纳米结构涂层研究进展

超音速火焰(High Velocity Oxy -Fuel,简称HVOF)喷涂具有高速和相对较低的温度两个重要特征,能够获得比普通火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂(Plasma Spray,简称PS)结合强度更高的致密涂层.纳米材料具有独特的表面效应、体积效应及量子尺寸效应,其电学、力学、磁学、光学和热学等性能产生了惊人的变化.随着材料科学技术的深入发展, 在实际生产和生活中运用性能优良的纳米材料倍受人们关注,其中,采用热喷涂技术制备纳米结构涂层是构筑纳米结构材料的最具前途的方法之一.从目前国内外的情况来看,HVOF喷涂纳米结构涂层技术的研究取得了较大的进展.综合国内外文献,总结了HVOF喷涂制备纳米结构涂层的研究现状,着重阐述了热喷涂纳米涂层的基本过程和结合机理,指出了利用HVOF喷涂纳米结构涂层存在的问题,并对热喷涂纳米结构涂层的发展前景作了展望.     

混粉准干式电火花加工介质击穿机理研究

混粉准干式电火花加工以气、液、固三相流作为工作介质,能够有效改善气中加工短路率高、加工效率低的问题。以纯净气体介质的击穿理论为基础,对三相流工作介质的击穿机理进行理论分析,阐明固、液分散相的作用机制。建立混粉准干式电火花加工的极间电场强度表达式,给出三相流中加工的放电间隙计算式,从理论上证明分散相的加入使得混粉准干式电火花加工的放电间隙较气中加工大,指出放电间隙增大是加工效率提高的一个重要原因。进行压缩空气中和三相流介质中的放电加工对比试验。测得两种加工介质中的放电间隙值,试验证实三相流工作介质具有放电间隙增大效果。测得放电电压波形,证实气体连续相中固、液分散相的加入能够降低短路率,提高加工稳定性。     

环氧-低分子聚酰胺-银粉导电胶体系研究

本文着重从银粉的粒度、添加量和固化剂的种类、用量以及固化条件等方面研究和探讨了环氧-低分子聚酰胺-银粉导电胶体系的导电性及强度。     

Synthesis and characterization of single phase LixBC (x=0.5 and 1.0), using Li hydride as a starting material

The hole-doped Li_xBC (x<1) has been theoretically predicted to exhibit superconductivity. In this report, preliminary information about the atomistic structure, thermal stability and magnetic property was presented on the single phase Li_xBC (x=0.5 and 1.0), using Li hydride as a starting material. The hydrogen concentration in Li_xBC (x=0.5) is about 0.7 mass% (Li_0.5BC-H_0.18), and the hydrogen desorption occurs around 700 K. The absence of superconductivity might originate from the modified atomistic structure, detected by Raman spectroscopy. We propose that the hydrogen concentrations can be varied for realizing superconductivity in Li_xBC (x<1).     

直流氢电弧等离子体蒸发法制备纳米Cu粉

采用99.99%的高纯Cu,通过自行设计的直流电弧等离子体蒸发设备实现了高产率纳米Cu粉的制备.系统研究了电流、氢氩比、充气压力3个工艺参数对纳米Cu粉产率及粒度的影响.利用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和选区电子衍射（ED）以及Simple PCI软件对试样的成分、形貌、晶体结构和粒径分布进行了分析.结果表明,电流和氢氩比（H2/Ar）分别是对粉体产率和平均粒径影响的显著性因素;所制备的纳米铜粉为多晶结构,平均粒径在29～116 nm范围内;在试验参数相近的情况下,产率比同类研究结果提高了26.65倍.     

一种新型镍基粉末高温合金挤压工艺研究

针对一种新型粉末高温合金WZ-A3进行了一系列的热挤压工艺试验,探究了挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比对棒材显微组织的影响以及棒材的整体组织均匀性。结果表明：在恒定挤压速度35 mm/s、挤压比4.7:1条件下,挤压温度为1110 ℃时,合金棒材已发生完全动态再结晶,当挤压温度继续增加,晶粒发生明显长大。在恒定挤压温度1110 ℃、挤压速度35 mm/s条件下,挤压比为2.1:1时,合金再结晶不完全而且存在较多原始颗粒边界;当挤压比增加至4:1~4.7:1时,再结晶程度完全充分,PPB也完全消除。在恒定挤压温度1130 ℃、挤压比4.7:1条件下,在20~50 mm/s范围内随着挤压速度的增加,晶粒呈长大趋势。在挤压温度1110 ℃、挤压速度35 mm/s、挤压比4.7:1条件下整个挤压棒材的组织较为均匀,从棒材头部到尾部,晶粒略微细化,并且棒材边缘的组织较心部和1/2R更细小。