Numerical Solution of Boussinesq Equations to Simulate Dam-Break Flows

To investigate the effect of nonhydrostatic pressure distribution, dam-break flows are simulated by numerically solving the one-dimensional Boussinesq equations by using a fourth-order explicit finite-difference scheme. The computed water surface profiles for different depth ratios have undulations near the bore front for depth ratios greater than 0.4. The results obtained by using the Saint Venant equations and the Boussinesq equations are compared to determine the contribution of individual Boussinesq terms in the simulation of dam-break flow. It is found that, for typical engineering applications, the Saint Venant equations give sufficiently accurate results for the maximum flow depth and the time to reach this value at a location downstream of the dam.     

Investigation of Structure and Hydriding Properties of La0.6 Nd0.4 Ni4.8 Mn0.2 Cux Alloys

The structure and hydriding performance of La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cux (x = 0 ～ 0.4) alloys were investigated in order to develop suitable materials for metal hydride air conditioner. The effect of Cu addition on the crystal structure,equilibrium pressure, hydrogen capacity and hysteresis as well as hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics were systematically studied by using the measurement of P-C isotherms, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. As the amount of Cu increases, the plateau pressure increases and hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics is improved, but the effective hydrogen storage capacity decreases. It is shown that variations in the basal plane parameter a can be used as an indication for the plateau pressure changes. With the increase of parameter a, the plateau pressure decreases. For La0.6 Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cux(x = 0 ～ 0.4) alloys there is a relationship between the effective hydrogen storage capacities and the ratios of their unit cell parameters c and a. The effective hydrogen storage capacity decreases with increase of a/c.     

In Vitro hydrodynamic evaluation of prosthetic polymer heart valves in steady flow

Hydrodynamic comparison of two polymer valves with two mechanical valves is presented. The valves were perfused in a steady flow system, and comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure distribution and drop, opening area, and leakage volume. Particular emphasis was placed on a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve which was newly designed and fabricated in our research group. The results showed that the functional characteristics of a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve compared favorably with that of mechanical valves. This valve may be a viable and inexpensive alternative, especially for short-term use in TAH or VAD systems.     

玻璃盘基对高密度硬盘介质静态磁性参数测量的影响和消除方法

高密度硬盘介质静态磁性参数的精确测量对研制高密度硬盘至关重要.本文从测量系统和材料两方面对玻璃基噪声的影响机理做了较详尽的分析;并介绍了消除玻璃基噪声影响的四种方法,这四种方法在测量同一硬盘介质静态磁性参数时相对偏差小于5%,因此这四种方法都是切实可行的.     

CAN总线在汽车轮胎监测系统中的应用设计

针对当前独立的汽车轮胎监测系统存在的弊端提出一种新的实现方案,动态监测汽车各轮胎的参数,并把动态参数通过CAN总线传输到汽车驾驶室仪表上,实现汽车轮胎故障预警功能.该方案增加了系统的可靠性、灵活性,扩展了汽车轮胎压力监测系统的使用场合,在大型车辆的安全系统中有很高的实用价值.     

Study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vertical vibration

The influence of whole-body vertical vibration on the dynamic human–seat interface pressure is investigated using a flexible grid of pressure sensors. The ischium pressure and the overall pressure distribution at the human–seat interface are evaluated as functions of the magnitude and frequency of vibration excitation, and seated posture and height. The dynamic pressure at the seat surface is measured under sinusoidal vertical vibration of different magnitudes in the 1–10 Hz frequency range. Two methods based on ischium pressure and ischium force are proposed to study the influence of seat height, posture and characteristics of vibration. The results of the study reveal that the amplitude of dynamic pressure component increases with an increase in the excitation amplitude in almost entire frequency range considered in this study. The dynamic components of both the ischium pressure and the ischium force reveal peaks in the 4 to 5 Hz frequency band, the range of primary resonant frequency of the seated human body in the vertical mode. The mean values of the dynamic ischium pressure and the ischium force remain constant, irrespective of the excitation frequency and amplitude. The magnitudes of mean pressure and force at the human–seat interface, however, are dependent upon the seat height and the subject's posture. The inter-subject variability of the static ischium pressure and effective contact area are presented as functions of the subject weight and subject weight-to-height ratio. It was found that heavy subjects tend to induce low ischium pressure as a result of increased effective contact area.

Relevance to industry

Pressure distribution at the human–seat interface has been found to be an important factor affecting the seating comfort and work efficiency of various workers. The study of human–seat interface pressure distribution under vibration is specifically critical to the comfort, work efficiency and health of vehicle drivers, who are regularly exposed to vibration. The results reported in this paper will be useful to study dynamic response of the interface pressure and design vehicle seats.     

一种不对称滞回受迫振动系统及其分析

许多系统或结构在动载荷作用下会表现出非线性滞回行为。通常情况下，人们往往认为滞回环是对称的。但是，在工程实际中还存在一些特殊的、不对称的滞回现象。例如，在对物料进行振动压实的过程中，由于压实机构的压下和回程中物料弹塑性变形规律不同，该振动压实系统存在不对称的滞回恢复力。本文提出用一种不对称模型描述这种不对称滞回性质，该不对称滞回模型由分段曲线组成。文章对这类系统在简谐激励下的响应特征进行了分析，得到一次近似解析解以及特有的直流分量和二次谐波等成分。然后又通过实验和数值模拟分别验证了模型的合理性。     

IGCC配套空分设备节能技术的探索

在整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)发电系统中,氧气对提高气化炉的碳转化率以及IGCC电站的单机容量起关键性的作用。由于氧气需求量大,对IGCC发电系统配套的空分设备进行节能探索成为进一步提高IGCC整体效率的重要课题。结合IGCC发电系统的具体特点,详细分析变压吸附制氧技术、空气整体化技术、深冷法低纯度制氧技术、离子膜分离制氧技术四个为IGCC配套空分设备的潜在节能方向。     

Interfacial Passivation of the p‐Doped Hole‐Transporting Layer Using General Insulating Polymers for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), as a competing technology with traditional inorganic solar cells, have now realized a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.1%. In PVSCs, interfacial carrier recombination is one of the dominant energy‐loss mechanisms, which also results in the simultaneous loss of potential efficiency. In this work, for planar inverted PVSCs, the carrier recombination is dominated by the dopant concentration in the p‐doped hole transport layers (HTLs), since the F4‐TCNQ dopant induces more charge traps and electronic transmission channels, thus leading to a decrease in open‐circuit voltages (V_OC). This issue is efficiently overcome by inserting a thin insulating polymer layer (poly(methyl methacrylate) or polystyrene) as a passivation layer with an appropriate thickness, which allows for increases in the V_OC without significantly sacrificing the fill factor. It is believed that the passivation layer attributes to the passivation of interfacial recombination and the suppression of current leakage at the perovskite/HTL interface. By manipulating this interfacial passivation technique, a high PCE of 20.3% is achieved without hysteresis. Consequently, this versatile interfacial passivation methodology is highly useful for further improving the performance of planar inverted PVSCs.     

对制冰池蒸发器的改造及分析

本文介绍了在某单位制冰池制冷系统改造项目中,蒸发器所出现的一些问题、解决方案以及一些细节问题.