Optimization of a piezoelectric linear motor in terms of the contact parameters

The contact kinetics of piezoelectric linear motors determines the operational characteristics like speed and torque or transmitted mechanical power and efficiency. Piezoelectric linear motors are driven by tangential stress in the interface between tip of shaking beam and slider. A good contact between the tip and slider is necessary for a reliable analysis of the motor, which is needed for the optimization of its performance. The piezoelectric linear motor was fabricated and the characteristics of the motor were investigated by external conditions such as tip shape with different curvatures and contact force between the tip and the slider. It was found in this investigation that the optimal curvature of the tip and the contact force are curvature of 1 and 10, respectively, for the high actuating speed, and curvature of 1 and 40 N, respectively, for the high actuating force. Finally, tip shape has an influence on the characteristics of linear motor.     

Dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis of layered unbounded media via a coupled finite element/boundary element/scaled boundary finite element model

In this paper, a coupled model based on finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM) and scaled boundary FEM (SBFEM) (also referred to as the consistent infinitesimal finite element cell method) for dynamic response of 2D structures resting on layered soil media is presented. The SBFEM proposed by Wolf and Song (Finite‐element Modelling of Unbounded Media. Wiley: England, 1996) and BEM are used for modelling the dynamic response of the unbounded media (far‐field). The standard FEM is used for modelling the finite region (near‐field) and the structure. In SBFEM, which is a semi‐analytical technique, the radiation condition at infinity is satisfied exactly without requiring the fundamental solution. This method, also eliminates the need for the discretization of interfaces between different layers. In both SBFEM and BEM, the spatial dimension is decreased by one. The objective of the development of this coupled model is to combine advantages of above‐mentioned three numerical models to solve various soil–structure interaction (SSI) problems efficiently and effectively. These three methods are coupled (FE–BE–SBFEM) via substructuring method, and a computer programme is developed for the harmonic analyses of SSI systems. The coupled model is established in such a way that, depending upon the problem and far‐field properties, one can choose BEM and/or SBFEM in modelling related far‐field region(s). Thus, BEM and/or SBFEM can be used efficiently in modelling the far‐field. The proposed model is applied to investigate dynamic response of rigid and elastic structures resting on layered soil media. To assess the proposed SSI model, several problems existing in the literature are chosen and analysed. The results of the proposed model agree with the results presented in the literature for the chosen problems. The advantages of the model are demonstrated through these comparisons. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An integrated procedure for three‐dimensional structural analysis with the finite cover method

In this paper an integrated procedure for three‐dimensional (3D) structural analyses with the finite cover method (FCM) is introduced. In the pre‐process of this procedure, the geometry of a structure is modelled by 3D‐CAD, followed by digitization to have the corresponding voxel model, and then the structure is covered by a union of mathematical covers, namely a mathematical mesh independently generated for approximation purposes. Since the mesh topology in the FCM does not need to conform to the physical boundaries of the structure, the mesh can be regular and structured. Thus, the numerical analysis procedure is free from the difficulties mesh generation typically poses and, in this sense, enables us to realize the mesh‐free analysis. After formulating the FCM with interface elements for the static equilibrium state of a structure, we detail the procedure of the finite cover modelling, including the geometry modelling with 3D‐CAD and the identification of the geometry covered by a regular mesh for numerical integration. Prior to full 3D modelling and analysis, we present a simple numerical example to confirm the equivalence of the performance of the FCM and that of the standard finite element method (FEM). Finally, representative numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed analysis procedure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Rare earth elements in CO_2-fluid inclusions in mantle Iherzolite

Trace elements including REE (Rare Earth Elements) in fluid inclusions in Iherzolite, olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopyroxene have been determined by heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS (Element Type Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) method. Normalized CO2 fluid/chondrite data show that mantle fluids are rich in REEs, especially LREEs (Light Rare Earth Elements), several times or dozen times higher than mantle rocks and mantle minerals. There are close relationships among the REE data of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and 1herzolite. Compared to the data of chemical dissolution method, it is believed that REE data obtained from heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS technique are contributed by CO2 fluid inclusions. About 60% (mass fraction) of tiny inclusions are observed not to be decrepitated above 1000℃, so REE data obtained are only contributed by decrepitated inclusions. Mantle fluids rich in LREE play an important role in mantle metasomatism, partial melting and mineralization.     

Hybrid genetic algorithm for the identification of high-order synchronous machine two-axis equivalent circuits

A hybrid genetic algorithm is used to find high-order equivalent circuits (ECs) of synchronous machines using standstill frequency response (SSFR) data. The algorithm performs satisfactorily despite the great deal of local minima surrounding the optimal solution of high-order ECs. It gives circuit parameters that simultaneously fit the three independent transfer functions given by the d-axis two-port network of the synchronous machine. It is found that as the order of the EC is increased, the optimization index used in the identification procedure is enhanced in a clear fashion. This leads to a new way for determining the right number of rotor branches required to correctly reproduce the SSFR data. The q-axis network is also analyzed with the hybrid algorithm. The so-called Canay's inductances are included in this one-port network to test if the fitting properties of the q-axis EC can be improved. The SSFR data used in this work is generated by a finite element model of a turbine generator, but actual data can also be readily handled.     

基于LabVIEW的共振增强双光子电离-飞行时间质谱数据采集系统

在用共振增强双光子电离-飞行时间质谱技术在线检测多相催化反应的实验过程中，需要建立一套高速数据采集、处理及分析系统。该系统软件部分用图形化编程语言LabVIEW编写，可以完成对飞行时间质谱及其峰面积实时采集，适合于连续监测气相反应的变化过程。本文介绍了该系统的硬件组成和软件设计，并在实验过程中得到了较好的应用。在实时检测甲烷无氧芳构化反应的实验中，观察到了催化反应产物苯在诱导期间的变化。     

用同步辐射X荧光分析血浆蛋白质的微量元素

用同步辐射X荧光(SRXRF)分析技术与凝胶色谱生化分离相结合，分析了用抗肿瘤药物顺铂处理过的和未处理过的小鼠血浆的大分子蛋白质。对以轻元素为基体的小量样品，用X荧光谱中的康普顿散射强度作为质量的因子，获得了在大于22ku分子量的蛋白质中Pt、S、Ca、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Se、Br和Sr等元素含量在不同样品问的相对变化。由此推测，经顺铂处理后，Pt元素可与血浆中的大分子蛋白结合，含CM和S的大分子蛋白含量明显升高，而含Zn的减少。     

中子活化分析法研究蕨类植物中稀土元素的分布特征

用中子活化分析(NAA)方法测定了11种蕨类植物中8个稀土元素(La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Yb和Lu)的含量，并研究了稀土元素(REE)在植物体内的分布特征。结果显示，蕨类植物叶中的稀土含量普遍较高。对于采自植物体不同部位的叶子，叶子越老，稀土元素含量越高。经球粒陨石归一化后，发现稀土元素分布模式主要是由母土性质决定的。然而，在植物从土壤吸收及输送过程中，稀土元素发生了某些不同程度的分异现象，分布模式曲线表现出与母土有明显的差异。如土壤中轻重稀土比为9．4，而芒黄叶中轻重稀土比为24—51，表明重稀土不易被植物体吸收输运。     

Adaptive sliding mode approach for learning in a feedforward neural network

An adaptive learning algorithm is proposed for a feedforward neural network. The design principle is based on the sliding mode concept. Unlike the existing algorithms, the adaptive learning algorithm developed does not require a prioriknowledge of upper bounds of bounded signals. The convergence of the algorithm is established and conditions given. Simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

InAs薄膜Hall器件

利用分子束外延（ＭＢＥ）生长的高迁移率ＩｎＡｓ外延层成功制备了的薄膜Ｈａｌ器件。这种Ｈａｌ器件具有灵敏度高、温度特性好等优点。室温下的积灵敏度和电压相关的灵敏度分别为１１ｍＶ／ｍＡ·ｋＧｓ和４０ｍＶ／Ｖ·ｋＧｓ（灵敏度比相同掺杂的ＧａＡｓＨａｌ器件高５０％）。在（２０～７０）℃温度区域内，内阻温度系数和Ｈａｌ电压温度系数分别为８×１０－４／℃，－２×１０－３／℃（恒流驱动）和－３×１０－３／℃（恒压驱动）。