石灰石在煤气化过程中的催化和固硫作用

基于CaO在煤气化中的催化和固硫作用,以及石灰石加热分解的性质,石灰石有可能作为煤气化过程中的催化剂和固硫剂。本文根据国内外对石灰石在煤燃烧和煤气化中作用的研究,从石灰石结构、Ca/C,Ca/S,可能的反应机理等几个方面进行了介绍和分析,并指出需进一步研究的内容。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯的研究

以硫酸氢钠为催化剂，催化合成了苯甲酸正丁酯，并用正交实验法确定了反应的最佳条件：催化剂用量为0．6g／0．1mol苯甲酸，醇酸物质的量比为2：1，回流时间为3．5-4．0h。苯甲酸的酯化率可达98％。该催化剂催化效果好，用量少，酯化率高，污染小，价廉易得，具有工业应用价值。     

Molecular design and characterization of catalysts for NO x selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess based upon ultramicroporous zirconia pillared clays

Approaches to design of zirconia pillared clays via control of the properties of pillaring species in solutions were elaborated. Structural features of pillars and Pt + Cu active components fixed at these nanoparticles were shown to determine catalytic properties of pillared clays in NO_x selective reduction by hydrocarbons in the oxygen excess.     

氨基酸脱羧反应研究进展

氨基酸脱羧是重要的生物质资源转化途径,通过氨基酸脱羧反应能够得到胺及胺的衍生物。该文综述了氨基酸脱羧基的不同方法,包括酶脱羧、化学催化脱羧、热脱羧和光电化学脱羧方法。重点阐述了使用化学催化剂脱羧的研究进展,对均相催化剂和非均相催化剂催化脱羧的催化途径以及机理进行了详细的介绍。中国目前已经成为氨基酸的生产与消费大国,氨基酸工业在食品与饲料等领域的发展已经趋于成熟,但是对氨基酸下游产品的工业化仍然缺少配套的技术与经验。为了应对氨基酸工业核心技术的垄断问题,开发新型高效催化剂与更加高效的工艺路线的研究显得尤为重要。     

月桂氮草酮研究进展

介绍了月桂氮草酮作为高效皮肤促渗剂的发展概况、合成工艺、研究进展及其应用前景。     

In situ observation of methoxide hydrogenation on the Ni(111) surface

The surface chemistry of methoxide (CH₃O-) on the Ni(111) surface has been studied in the presence of hydrogen pressures up to 2 Torr. During heating in vacuum methoxide decomposes to H₂ and CO, which desorb at 380 and 445 K, respectively. The CH₃O-decomposition process is rate limited by CH bond breaking and exhibits a strong deuterium kinetic isotope effect in CD₃O-. In the presence of ambient hydrogen pressures of 0.02–2.0 Torr both CH₃O- and CD₃O-are hydrogenated directly to methanol at 310 K. Methoxide is hydrogenated by adsorbed hydrogen, which nearly saturates the surface at these pressures and temperatures.     

Catalysis and plasma chemistry at solid surfaces

Heterogeneous and homogeneous non-equilibrium plasma chemistry offers a range of potential advantages compared to conventional thermal activation and synthesis methods. Some examples of how such low temperature electrical discharges can be effectively utilised for selective chemical reaction pathways are given. These include the fluorination of C-H bonds, the synthesis of polyozonides, selective ring opening polymerisation, and the conversion of alkali metal halides to nitrates using air.     

Active sites in methanol oxidation on Cu(110) determined by STM and molecular beam measurements

STM has been combined with molecular beam rate measurements to gain an understanding of the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to produce formaldehyde, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level. From this a model of the reaction is developed where the methanol initial reacts at very few active oxygen sites located at the short sides of oxygen islands on the Cu(110) surface. Such sites are very much rarer on a surface which is saturated with 0.5 monolayers of oxygen and the reaction rate is initially very low, but shows autocatalytic behaviour, rising in time as vacancies are created in the oxygen layer.     

Michael addition of ethyl acrylate and acetone over solid bases

The catalytic behaviour of the superbases Na/NaOH/-Al₂O₃ and Cs_xO/-Al₂O₃ as well as of the basic zeolites Na/NaX and Cs_xO/CsX were investigated in the Michael addition of ethyl acrylate and acetone. The reactions were carried out in the liquid phase at catalyst loadings varying from 0.05 to 0.1 mol ester/g catalyst.     

固载型杂多酸催化剂研究进展

介绍了固载型杂多酸的制备、表征及其表面作用机理。着重综述了近年来活性炭、SiO2、TiO2、MCM 41分子筛、γ Al2O3、TiO2 Al2O3、阳离子交换树脂、惰性膜、USY 1、ZrO2 SO2 4和TiO2 WO3等各种固载型杂多酸催化剂在国内外的研究和应用情况,并展望了未来的研究方向。