耐候钢的化学成分和性能

综述了化学成分对耐侯耐钢性能和综合力学性能的影响，同时指出Ｃｕ、Ｐ和稀土元素对该网的有利作用。     

新型低合金铸态复相耐磨钢的组织与性能

开发了一种新型多元合金化铸态复相耐磨钢，化学成分（％）：0．30－0．45C，1．5－3．0Mn，0．8－1．5Cr，0．8－1．2Si，0．2－0．8Mo，0．10－0．25V，0．50－0．10Ti，0．005－0．012B，该新型耐磨钢为马氏体、下贝氏体加薄膜状残余奥氏体的复相组织，具有良好的冲击韧性。     

Resistant Starch‐rich Powders Prepared by Autoclaving of Native and Lintnerized Banana Starch: Partial Characterization

Powdered preparations enriched in resistant starch (RS) were obtained from native and lintnerized (prolonged acid treatment) banana starches by consecutive autoclaving/cooling treatments. The preparations were tested for indigestible starch content, swelling and solubility properties, thermal analysis and pasting profile. The autoclaved samples had higher RS content than their parental counterparts, but the chemical modification (lintnerization process) allowed development of higher RS proportions (19%, dry matter basis, dmb). The autoclaved samples (RS‐enriched products) showed similar swelling values (α = 0.05) at the temperatures assessed. These RS‐rich products exhibited a lower solubility in water than the corresponding raw materials. The peak temperatures of the thermal transition were 155.5 and 145.8°C for native autoclaved and lintnerized autoclaved starch, respectively. These values indicate that RS products have a marked thermal stability. The pasting behavior of the RS products was less pronounced than that of the raw counterparts. Hence, their potential use as processed food ingredients should not impact final product viscosity. These RS‐enriched products appear suitable for the formulation of functional foods.     

Starch Structure and Digestibility of Rice High in Resistant Starch

Starch digestibility and starch structure of a high‐resistant starch (RS) rice (RS111) was compared to that of a wild rice type (R7954). RS111 exhibited high RS content and incomplete starch hydrolysis in both cooked rice and retrograded rice flour. High RS rice RS111 had a higher λ_max of absorbance and blue value of iodine‐binding starch complex and contained a higher percentage of intermediate chains of amylopectin than R/954. X‐ray diffraction pattern of RS isolated from cooked high RS rice displayed a mixture of B‐ and V‐type that was more resistant to starch hydrolysis by alpha‐amylase. Resistant starch in RS111 is composed mainly of linear amylose and some low‐molecular‐weight amylopectin.     

15 t康萨克电渣炉电压摆动控制系统的改进

康萨克电渣炉通过控制炉电压摆动范围等效地保持电极距渣平面的距离不变,从而保持了渣阻恒定及熔池形状不变,以便获得高质量的电渣锭。根据对康萨克电渣重熔炉电压摆动控制原理的分析,开发了一套新的控制系统。该系统已应用于邢台机械轧辊集团铸钢分厂康萨克15 t电渣重熔炉,6个月运行结果表明,电渣炉电压摆幅控制在±2.5V,电渣锭表面质量良好,部分指标甚至优于原康萨克的电控系统。     

低合金耐硫酸露点腐蚀钢的性能和应用

耐硫酸露点腐蚀钢是用于热交换部件的低合金钢。该钢主要分为两类:(1)以0.2%~0.5%Cu-＞0.010%S为基础,添加少量P、Sn、As、Sb、Se、Te等元素;(2)以Cu-Cr或Cu-Cr-Ni为基础的钢类,用于高温(130~160℃)、高浓度硫酸(80%~90%)的腐蚀环境。介绍了硫酸露点腐蚀环境的特点并讨论了合金元素对该低合金钢耐硫酸露点腐蚀的作用机制和国内外现有主要低合金耐硫酸露点钢的化学成分、力学性能和耐蚀性能。     

双滚筒共同驱动的带式输送机寄生力的产生机理与对策

提出了双滚筒共同驱动的带式送机寄生力的概念,分析了双滚筒共同驱动寄生力产生机理及其危害,得出了不产生寄生力的条件,为带式送机驱动装置的设计提供了理论依据。     

In vitro lipolysis of fish oil microcapsules containing protein and resistant starch

Microencapsulated fish oil powders (50% oil:25% protein:25% starch) were prepared using a physical blend or a heated mixture of sodium caseinate and pre-processed resistant starch as encapsulants. The in vitro digestibility of microcapsules by lipase, amylase and proteases were examined. Heat treatment of the encapsulants and exposure of microcapsules to simulated gastric fluid (SGF) prior to addition of lipase, trypsin and amylase altered the susceptibility of the microcapsules to digestion. Lipolysis of microcapsules occurred in the presence of lipase alone and was increased in the presence of amylase and/or trypsin. Pre-exposure of microcapsules to SGF had different effects on lipolysis, which depended on the nature of the encapsulant material. Lipolysis in the presence of lipase alone was due to the displacement of the interfacial layer. Increased lipolysis in the presence of amylase and/or trypsin was attributed to the digestion of the encapsulant, which facilitated displacement of the interface of oil droplets by bile salts.     

Sensory and nutritional attributes of fibre-enriched pasta

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact that the incorporation of resistant starch type II (RSII), resistant starch type IV (RSIV) and oat bran (OB) have on sensory and nutritional quality of pasta. RSII, RSIV and OB were incorporated into recipes in four proportions (w/w): 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g/100 g. Resistant, digestible and total starch were measured in cooked pasta. An in vitro digestion and sensory analysis of pasta were performed in order to estimate glycemic index. Results showed that both, the type and amount of added fibre influence nutritional quality of pasta. Incorporation of RSII into pasta formulation generates an additional quantity of resistant starch content in cooked pasta. Differences in in vitro digestibility of pasta can be appreciated. RSIV presented the greatest effect on total starch hydrolysis. The lower glycemic index was obtained with addition of RSIV and RSII at 7.5 g/100 g and 10.0 g/100 g. Sensory analysis showed high scores for overall acceptability for Control, RSII and RSIV samples. Results suggest that by using insoluble fibre it is possible to enhance the nutritional quality of pasta, without affecting its sensory properties negatively.     

Effectiveness of spinosad as a grain protectant against resistant beetle and psocid pests of stored grain in Australia

Effectiveness of the bacterium-derived insecticide, spinosad, was determined against eight storage pests of Australia. Laboratory experiments were carried out on relevant resistant strains of four beetle and four psocid species, with the aim of determining the potential of spinosad as a new grain protectant. To explore the possibility that spinosad could have delayed effects, we exposed all insects for 14 d initially and then a further 14 and 28 d for psocids and beetles, respectively. Adult insects of each strain were exposed to untreated wheat (control) and wheat treated with spinosad at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg [a.i.]/kg of grain, and adult mortality and reduction of progeny were determined. Among beetles, spinosad was most effective against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), with 100% adult mortality and progeny reduction after 14 d exposure at 1 mg [a.i.]/kg. Efficacy of spinosad was less with Sitophilus oryzae (L.), and least with Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.). Against the psocids, spinosad was most effective against Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein), with 100% adult mortality after 28 d exposure at 1 mg [a.i.]/kg and 92% progeny reduction after 14 d exposure and 100% subsequently. Spinosad was only moderately effective against Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, L. decolor (Pearman) and L. paeta Pearman. Our findings suggest spinosad to be a potential protectant against R. dominica and L. entomophila in stored grain in Australia. This potential use would be in combination with another protectant capable of controlling other members of the pest complex.