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101.
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Few prior studies have directly compared 3D and 2D menus for cell phones. Because the technology available for cell phone interfaces has changed in recent years, interface guidelines for cell phones need to be re-evaluated, especially with regard to the use of 3D interfaces. In the present study, we first compared performance of tasks for menus with different breadths using three 3D menus (revolving stage, 3D carousel, and collapsible cylindrical tree) shown on the small display screen of an iPhone® simulator. Performance was best with the revolving stage menu, and there was a nonsignificant tendency for it to be rated as preferred by the participants. Then, we compared the 3D revolving stage menu to a 2D overview menu, for tasks of different complexity and menus of different breadths, on an actual iPhone. The 3D menu was preferred by users at high breadth levels, and the 2D menu showed better performance than the 3D menu with low memory load. From the results, recommendations for the design of menus for small displays were developed. 相似文献
103.
104.
通过利用电导探针测量探头针尖处液体导电性的变化,确定该点的油水信息;本文详细介绍了阵列电导探针制作,设计了信号采集电路和极性转换电路硬件电路,采集的数据以曼彻斯特码的形式存储和传输,经实验验证效果良好. 相似文献
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106.
We consider time-space tradeoffs for static data structure problems in the cell probe model with word size 1 (the bit probe model). In this model, the goal is to represent n-bit data with s=n+r bits such that queries (of a certain type) about the data can be answered by reading at most t bits of the representation. Ideally, we would like to keep both s and t small, but there are tradeoffs between the values of s and t that limit the possibilities of keeping both parameters small. 相似文献
107.
{In a seminal paper of 1989, Fredman and Saks proved lower bounds for some important data-structure problems in the cell
probe model. In particular, lower bounds were established on worst-case and amortized operation cost for the union-find problem and the prefix sum problem. The goal of this paper is to turn their proof technique into a general tool that can be applied to different problems
and computational models. To this end we define two quantities: Output Variability depends only on the model of computation. It indicates how much variation can be found in the results of a program with
certain resource bounds. This measures in some sense the power of a model. Problem Variability characterizes in a similar sense the difficulty of the problem.
}
Our Main Theorem shows that by comparing a model's output variability to a problem's problem variability, lower bounds on
the complexity of solving the problem on the given model may be inferred. The theorem thus shows how to separate the analysis
of the model of computation from that of the problem when proving lower bounds.
We show how the results of Fredman and Saks fit our framework by computing the output variability of the cell probe model
and the problem variability for problems considered in their paper. This allows us to reprove their lower bound results, and
slightly extend them. The main purpose of this paper though is to present the generalized technique.
Received January 25, 1999; revised July 30, 1999. 相似文献
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109.
Nitrided steels are widely used in the engineering field due to their superior hardness and other attractive properties. Atom probe tomography (APT) was employed to study two Nb-microalloyed CASTRIP steels with different N contents. A major challenge of using APT to study this group of materials is the presence of tails after Fe peaks in the mass spectra, which overestimates the composition for alloying elements such as Nb and Cu in the steels. One important factor that contributes to the tails is believed to be delayed field evaporation from Fe2+. This artefact of the mass spectrum was observed to be the most severe when voltage pulsing was used. The application of laser pulses with energy ranging from 0.2 to 1.2 nJ successfully reduced the tails and lead to better compositional measurement accuracy. Spatial resolution in the z-direction (along the tip direction) was observed to be less affected by changing laser energy but deteriorates in x-y direction with increasing laser energy. This investigation suggests that pulsed-laser atom probe with ∼0.4 nJ laser energy can be used to study this group of materials with improved mass resolution while still maintaining high spatial resolution. 相似文献
110.
静水压试验是管道工程检验的一道重要关口,为了检查禹门口东扩工程输水主管线预应力钢筒混凝土管道的工程质量,拟定了其管道静水压试验方案。该工程的预应力钢筒混凝土管道直径为2 000 mm,试验管段长度为958.397 m,试验管段位于2号检修阀至木赞灌区分水口间。文中详细论述了试验的原则,试验的技术要求,试验段选择的技术依据,试验的准备工作和具体操作步骤。 相似文献