Pavement crack detection using hessian structure propagation

Pavement images are widely used in transportation agencies to detect cracks accurately so that the best proper plans of maintenance and rehabilitation could be made. Although crack in a pavement image is perceived because the intensity of crack pixels contrasts with that of the pavement background, there are still challenges in distinguishing cracks from complex textures, heavy noise, and interference. Unlike the intensity or the first-order edge feature of crack, this paper proposes the second-order directional derivative to characterize the directional valley-like structure of crack. The multi-scale Hessian structure is first proposed to analytically adapt to the direction and valley of cracking in the Gaussian scale space. The crack structure field is then proposed to mimic the curvilinear propagation of crack in the local area, which is iteratively applied at every point of the crack curve to infer the crack structure at the gaps and intersections. Finally, the most salient centerline of the crack within its curvilinear buffer is exactly located with non-maximum suppression along the perpendicular direction of crack. The experiments on large numbers of images of various crack types and with diverse conditions of noise, illumination and interference demonstrate the proposed method can detect pavement cracks well with an average Precision, Recall and F-measure of 92.4%, 88.4%, and 90.4% respectively. Also, the proposed method achieves the best performance of crack detection on the benchmark datasets among methods that also require no training and publicly offer the detection results for every image.     

求解0-1背包问题的混合贪婪遗传算法

求解0-1背包问题（KP）的最优解的时候,传统遗传算法（GA）的局部求精能力不足而简单局部搜索算法的全局探索能力有限,针对上述问题,将这两个算法整合并提出了混合贪婪遗传算法（HGGA）。在GA全局搜索框架下增加局部搜索模块,并改进传统仅基于物品价值密度的修复算子,增加基于物品价值的贪婪混合选项,从而加速寻优过程。HGGA一方面引导种群在进化的优质解空间中展开精细搜索,另一方面依靠GA的经典操作算子开拓全局搜索空间,从而达到算法求精能力和开拓能力的良好平衡。HGGA分别在三组数据上做了测试,结果表明在第一组15个测试用例中的12个上,HGGA能够百分百找到最优解,成功率达到80%;在第二组小规模数据集上,HGGA的性能明显好于其他同类GA和其他元启发算法;在第三组大规模数据集上,HGGA较其他元启发式算法具有更好的稳定性和高效性。     

纳米晶Li7Si3合金的制备与性能表征

为研究纳米结构锂电池阳极材料的特性,试制了纳米晶Li-Si合金.采用优化的纳米晶合金块体材料制备工艺,即熔炼制备粗晶Li7Si3合金铸锭、高能球磨得到Li7Si3非晶粉末,结合放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)制备得到了纳米晶Li7Si3合金,并对其进行了Rietveld结构精修和杨氏模量测定.结果表明:纳米晶Li7Si3单胞结构参数为a=b=0.4452 nm(比粗晶增加0.38%),c=1.8239 nm(比粗晶增加0.58%),单胞体积Vo=0.313 070nm3(比粗晶增加1.35%).利用纳米压痕法测定纳米晶Li7Si3合金的杨氏模量为(30.6±2.4)GPa.     

Refinement mechanism of in-situ Al4C3 particles on AZ91 magnesium alloys

The effects of SrCO3 on the microstructure of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD and DTA analyses. The results show that AZ91 magnesium alloy with 1.0% SrCO3 addition has the best refining effect at 730 ℃ for 20 min, the average size of the α-Mg grain in AZ91 matrix alloy is reduced from about 91 μm to 58 μm, with reduction of about 36%. Based on the analysis results of EDS, binding energy, and Gibbs free energy, it is evident that the grain is refined because of the generation of A14 C3 particles which can be used as the crystal nucleus of the magnesium alloy when SrCO 3 is added. Owing to the generation of A14C3 in AZ91 magnesium alloy, the grain boundary is pined and the grain growth is inhibited. In the accession to the Al4C3, small subcooling temperature difference leads to the formation of fine grain microstructure in alloy melt. Fine grain microstructure in AZ91 alloy melt with the addition of SrCO3 can be obtained on the condition of lower undercooling temperature according to the DTA analysis results.     

S －次仿紧空间

针对一些广义仿紧空间以及拓扑空间中半开集和半闭集的性质,本文将次仿紧空间的一些结论推广到半闭集的条件下,新定义并研究S －次仿紧空间的基本性质。首先给出一些基本的定义和定理,然后在此基础上定义S－次仿紧空间,最后得出一些主要结果：（1）空间X是S－次仿紧空间,则X的每一开覆盖U,存在半开加细覆盖序列｛Vn｝n∈N使对每一x∈X,存在n∈N,使ord（x,Vn）＝1,这里（ord（x,Vn）＝｜｛V：V∈Vn,x∈V｝｜）;（2）空间X是S－次仿紧空间,则X的每一开覆盖具有σ垫状加细覆盖;（3）如果（X,Fa）是S－次仿紧空间,则（X,F）也是S－次仿紧空间,并给出相应的证明。     

Ti与含Ti或B中间合金对铝晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响

对比研究了电解加钛和含钛或硼中间合金对铝的晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响.结果表明,电解加钛和Al-5Ti中间合金在熔体温度较低时具有较好的晶粒细化效果,但随着熔体温度的升高,细化效果均迅速衰退;电解加钛再熔配加Al-4B中间合金可在熔体温度为720℃时获得最佳的细化效果,随着熔体温度的升高细化效果有所衰退,但衰退速度较慢;在加入Al-5Ti的同时加入Al-4B中间合金可明显提高Al-5Ti的晶粒细化效果和抗高温衰退能力,但效果不如电解加钛加Al-4B中间合金;Al-5Ti-1B中间合金具有最强的抗高温衰退能力,随着熔体温度的升高,晶粒不但不粗化反而有所下降,当熔体温度高于900℃时,才出现衰退现象.对试验结果及晶粒细化机制进行了分析.     

Processing,deformation, and failure in superplastic aluminum alloys: Applications of orientation-imaging microscopy

The importance of grain size refinement in enabling superplasticity is reviewed, and the current understanding of grain boundary characteristics is summarized. The application of orientation-imaging microscopy (OIM) methods to the processing response and the deformation and failure modes in superplastic aluminum alloys are illustrated through microtexture analysis and determination of grain boundary characteristics in selected commercial materials. Continuous and discontinuous recrystallization reactions exhibit distinct microtextures and grain boundary characteristics. The application of OIM and microtexture analysis to the evaluation of both deformation and failure mechanisms during superplastic forming is illustrated. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming, sponsored by the Manufacturing Critical Sector at the ASM International AeroMat 2004 Conference and Exposition, June 8–9, 2004, in Seattle, WA. The symposium was organized by Daniel G. Sanders, The Boeing Company.     

Low-Cost,High-Speed Domain Refinement without Damage to Insulative Coatings

Rolling large- diameter hardened steel balls over the surface of high- permeability grain- oriented electri-cal steel allows lines of plastic deformation to be laid down. Choice of proper Young’s modulus and ball diameter enables artificial grain boundaries to be created, producing appropriate domain refinement and loss reduction.     

稀土Ce对Al-Cu4.5%合金热疲劳性能的影响

在接近材料实际工况的实验条件下,以铝铜合金(Cu4.5%)为研究对象,用自约束型热疲劳实验机对铈加入量不同的合金,进行了热疲劳实验以及热疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展规律的研究。结果表明:在裂纹萌生阶段,不加铈的铝铜合金的裂纹萌生速度明显大于加铈的合金;在裂纹扩展阶段,不加铈的铝铜合金裂纹扩展速度仍是最快。加入0.5?的合金在裂纹形成后期扩展速度明显加快,这是因为合金中出现针状富稀土相,这种针状相割裂了基体,使得合金力学性能降低、热疲劳抗力下降。加入0.3?的合金不论在裂纹萌生阶段还是裂纹扩展阶段,其热疲劳抗力都优于其它成分的合金。     

The Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Low Carbon Microalloy Steel by High Voltage Electropulse Heating

The low carbon microalloy steel samples were heated to different temperatures by high voltage electropulse discharge heating method. The temperature of sample increases with the discharge current density. Microstructures were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results show that coexist microstructure of ultrafine ferrite grain and martensite can be obtained by proper high voltage electropulse discharge heating process parameter. The tensile testing indicate that better mechanical properties were obtained, including 758MPa yield strength, 796MPa ultimate strength and 12% total elongation.