新型水暖式汽车暖风装置的开发与传热特性分析

 开发了一套应用于大、中型客车上的新型水暖式汽车暖风装置.介绍暖风装置的结构、工作原理和试验方案.对暖风装置中最重要的排气热能回收装置建立数学模型和动态特性仿真模型,通过MATLAB软件对该装置传热特性进行仿真分析.对发动机在一个连续的工作过程下该装置的传热特性进行试验,结果表明,试验分析和仿真分析结果比较吻合,回收的排气热能满足汽车的供暖要求且装置在工作过程中的排气背压低于4 kPa,有很好的应用前景.     

Proteomic Biomarkers of the Apnea Hypopnea Index and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Presence,Severity, and Treatment Response

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a disease associated with excessive sleepiness and increased cardiovascular risk, affects an estimated 1 billion people worldwide. The present study examined proteomic biomarkers indicative of presence, severity, and treatment response in OSA. Participants (n = 1391) of the Stanford Technology Analytics and Genomics in Sleep study had blood collected and completed an overnight polysomnography for scoring the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). A highly multiplexed aptamer-based array (SomaScan) was used to quantify 5000 proteins in all plasma samples. Two separate intervention-based cohorts with sleep apnea (n = 41) provided samples pre- and post-continuous/positive airway pressure (CPAP/PAP). Multivariate analyses identified 84 proteins (47 positively, 37 negatively) associated with AHI after correction for multiple testing. Of the top 15 features from a machine learning classifier for AHI ≥ 15 vs. AHI < 15 (Area Under the Curve (AUC) = 0.74), 8 were significant markers of both AHI and OSA from multivariate analyses. Exploration of pre- and post-intervention analysis identified 5 of the 84 proteins to be significantly decreased following CPAP/PAP treatment, with pathways involving endothelial function, blood coagulation, and inflammatory response. The present study identified PAI-1, tPA, and sE-Selectin as key biomarkers and suggests that endothelial dysfunction and increased coagulopathy are important consequences of OSA, which may explain the association with cardiovascular disease and stroke.     

Localized Heat Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but Not Fatty Acid Oxidation

AIM: Mild heat stress can improve mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle. However, long-term heat interventions are scarce, and the effects of heat therapy need to be understood in the context of the adaptations which follow the more complex combination of stimuli from exercise training. The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of localized heat therapy on human skeletal muscle mitochondria to single-leg interval training. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects were assigned to receive sham therapy, short-wave diathermy heat therapy, or single-leg interval exercise training, localized to the quadriceps muscles of the right leg. All interventions took place 3 times per week. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline, and after 3 and 6 weeks of intervention. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was assessed on permeabilized muscle fibers via high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS: The primary finding of this work was that heat therapy and exercise training significantly improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity by 24.8 ± 6.2% and 27.9 ± 8.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). Fatty acid oxidation and citrate synthase activity were also increased following exercise training by 29.5 ± 6.8% and 19.0 ± 7.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, contrary to our hypothesis, heat therapy did not increase fatty acid oxidation or citrate synthase activity. CONCLUSION: Six weeks of muscle-localized heat therapy significantly improves mitochondrial respiratory capacity, comparable to exercise training. However, unlike exercise, heat does not improve fatty acid oxidation capacity.     

稀土磁盘在宽厚板生产线废水处理中的应用

针对宽厚板生产线废水的特点,介绍了稀土磁盘在邯钢中板厂宽厚板生产线废水处理中的工艺布置,对废水处理效果及影响因素进行了分析。     

热处理工艺对SCM822H钢的组织及性能的影响

对Cr-Mo系列有代表性钢种SCM822H的临界点、连续冷却曲线进行了测试,探讨了不同热处理状态对其晶粒度、组织和性能的影响,为进一步优化和完善该钢的生产工艺提供了理论依据。     

电弧炉高效多位SGOB用氧技术改造

介绍了石钢电弧炉高效多位SGOB用氧技术改造,利用炉壁氧枪实现二次燃烧,极大地提高了二次燃烧率,吨钢电耗降低50kW·h,生产效率提高约15％。     

氢氧化钠/尿素/硫脲溶剂体系对纤维素溶解性能研究

通过设计正交实验,研究不同组成的氢氧化钠/尿素/硫脲溶剂体系对纤维素的溶解性能,确定了该溶剂体系中各组分的最佳含量,并通过X-射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析、热重分析等手段,表征了该溶剂体系获得的再生纤维素膜的结构和性能。结果表明:该溶剂体系对纤维素有良好的溶解性能,且溶解的纤维素再生后为纤维素Ⅱ,但其热稳定性低于原纤维素。     

Green leaf phenology at Landsat resolution: Scaling from the field to the satellite

Despite the large number of in situ, plot-level phenological measurements and satellite-derived phenological studies, there has been little success to date in merging these records temporally or spatially. In this research, we bridge this scale gap through higher resolution satellite records (Landsat) and quantify the accuracy of satellite-derived metrics with direct field measurements. We compiled fifty-seven Landsat scenes from southern New England (P12 R51) from 1984 to 2002. Green vegetation areal abundance for each scene was derived from spectral mixture analysis and a single set of endmembers. The leaf area signal was fit with a logistic-growth simulating sigmoid curve to derive phenological markers (half-maximum leaf-onset and offset). Spring leaf-onset dates in homogenous stands of deciduous forests displayed significant and persistent local variability. The local variability was validated with multiple springtime ground observations (r² = 0.91). The highest degree of verified small-scale variation occurred where contiguous forests displayed leaf-onset gradients of 10-14 days over short distances (< 500 m). These dramatic gradients occur in of low-relief (< 40 m) upland regions. The patterns suggest that microclimates resulting from springtime cold-air drainage may be influential in governing the start of leaf growth; every 4.16 m loss in elevation delayed spring leaf onset by 1 day. These microclimates may be of crucial importance in interpreting in situ records and interpolating phenology from satellite data. Regional patterns from the Landsat analyses suggest topographic, coastal, and land-use controls on phenology. Our results indicate that deciduous forests in the Providence, RI metropolitan area leaf out 5-7 days earlier than comparable rural areas. The platform-independent curve-fit methodology may be extended across platforms and field data. The methodologically consistent approach, in tandem with Landsat data, allows an effective scaling from plot to satellite phenological observations.     

基于模型预测控制的数据中心节能调度算法

如今日益增长的数据中心能耗,特别是冷却系统能耗已日益受到重视,降低系统能耗能够减少数据中心碳排放.提出了一种基于模型预测控制（model prediction control,简称MPC）的节能调度策略,该策略可以有效地减小数据中心冷却能耗.该方法采用动态电压频率调节技术来调整计算节点频率,从而减少节点间的热循环;所有节点的峰值温度可被保持在温度阈值下,在任务的执行中稳态误差较小.该方法可以通过动态频率调节来抑制由于负载类型变化造成的模型不确定性带来的内部扰动,分析结果表明,基于模型预测的温控算法系统开销较小,具有良好的可扩展性.基于该算法设计的控制器能够有效地降低输入温度,提高数据中心能耗效率.通过在实际数据中心内运行的模拟网上书店,该方法与安全最小热传递算法和传统反馈温控算法这两种经典方法相比,无论是在正常条件下还是在扰动存在的情况下都能取得较好的温度抑制效果,系统性能如吞吐率也达到最大.在相同的负载条件下,该方法能够获得最小的输入峰值温度和最小的冷却能耗.     

基于T-S模糊模型的高炉喷煤规则挖掘

高炉炼铁是一个动态的、多变量和非线性的复杂过程控制系统。由于焦炭短缺,价格昂贵,喷吹煤粉代替部分焦炭就成了高炉冶炼继续生存并与其他炼铁方法竞争的重要技术。因为缺乏对高炉的认识,炉长只能根据长期生产实践进行决策和操作。有时忽略了过程工艺指标与各工艺参数之间的影响关系,使得能源和资源消耗处于一种"盲目"的状态。为此,需要通过寻求高炉冶炼喷煤规则实现降低焦比减少资源消耗。以高炉生产历史数据为样本,结合高炉工艺机理分析,运用数据驱动建模技术建立起高炉喷煤T-S模糊模型,从成功的历史记录中寻找出具有准确性和科学性的高炉冶炼喷煤操作模式,建立起操作模式与生产经济指标和能耗之间的关系,达到指导实际生产操作、实现节能降耗的目的。