疲劳裂纹的灰色残差预测

借助灰色理论，建立了预测疲劳裂纹扩展的灰色残差预测模型，并应用此模型预测了某不锈钢构件腐蚀疲劳裂纹的扩展，得到了较高精度的预测结果，为疲劳裂纹预测提供了一种简易而可靠的新途径。     

在役钢筋混凝土结构基于可靠性的疲劳寿命分析

本文以结构的极限疲劳循环次数作为随机变量,基于可靠性理论提出了在役结构疲劳剩余寿命的预测方法,分析了多种工况下结构在未来服役期内的疲劳可靠性和疲劳剩余寿命。算例表明,通过对在役结构疲劳寿命及可靠性的分析,不仅可以预测在目标可靠度下的疲劳寿命,而且可以根据需要确定合适的交变荷载的频率、服役时间以及相应的疲劳可靠指标,从而为结构的合理利用起指导性作用。     

The concept of an endurance limit for adhesive joints

The effect of cyclic stressing on the strength of single lap adhesive joints has been studied and a considerable reduction in strength observed when the maximum stress exceeds about 40% of the ultimate tensile strength, but whether or not a true endurance limit exists is not proven. Fallacies are shown in some of the techniques which have been proposed for studying the fatigue behaviour of adhesive joints.     

Biaxiale Ermüdung reibrührgeschweißter Strukturelemente

Biaxial fatigue of friction stir welded stiffened panels Within the framework of the European WelAir project, cruciform specimens made from stiffening FSW overlap joints were fatigued in the DLR biaxial test rig. To resemble the loading situation of pressurized fuselage structures, proportional loading without any phase shift, but with different load ratios λ between the loading components in both directions was applied.Natural crack initiation and subsequent crack growth were governed by the stiffness gradient caused by introducing the stringer. Cracks initiated and propagated at run‐in and run‐out locations in a direction perpendicular to the weld seam. The shortest fatigue life was observed for uniaxial loading in welding direction (λ = 0). An additional stress component perpendicular to the joint line (λ > 0) resulted in a higher number of cycles to failure. Similar to single stringer panels, increasing the load ratio also increased the number of cycles to failure for FSW clip‐stringer structural members, but additionally gives a different location of the fatal crack.     

基于TiNi合金的超弹性对其相关磨损机制的FEM研究

本文在重点考虑TiNi合金高弹性变形量的前提下，采用等向强化模型，对不锈钢和超弹TiNi合金在法向接触载荷作用下的六种模型进行了有限元(FEM)分析。结果表明：在相同载荷条件下，超弹TiNi合金产生的von Mises弹性应变要高于不锈钢，但其von Mises应力和塑性应变却恰恰相反，在同一载荷下该合金发生塑性变形的区域要小于不锈钢；此外，超弹TiNi合金发生塑性变形要比不锈钢困难，所需的临界载荷值随其最大弹性变形量(屈服点处的应变值)的增加而增加。最后，基于本文的有限元计算结果对超弹TiNi合金的蘑粒磨损和疲劳磨损机制进行了讨论。     

Modelling of fatigue damage progression and life of CFRP laminates

A progressive fatigue damage model has been developed for predicting damage accumulation and life of carbon fibre‐reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates with arbitrary geometry and stacking sequence subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading. The model comprises the components of stress analysis, fatigue failure analysis and fatigue material property degradation. Stress analysis of the composite laminate was performed by creating a three‐dimensional finite element model in the ANSYS FE code. Fatigue failure analysis was performed by using a set of Hashin‐type failure criteria and the Ye‐delamination criterion. Two types of material property degradations on the basis of element stiffness and strength were applied: a sudden degradation because of sudden failure detected by the fatigue failure criteria and a gradual degradation because of the nature of cyclic loading, which is driven by the increased number of cycles. The gradual degradation of the composite material was modelled by using functions relating the residual stiffness and residual strength of the laminate to the number of cycles. All model components have been programmed in the ANSYS FE code in order to create a user‐friendly macro‐routine. The model has been applied in two different quasi‐isotropic CFRP laminates subjected to tension–compression (T–C) fatigue and the predictions of fatigue life and damage accumulation as a function of the number of cycles were compared with experimental data available in the literature. A very good agreement was obtained.     

Effect of RE－Al－N on Structures and Properties of M2 Cast High Speed Steel

M 2highspeedsteel (M 2steel)isamaterialwidelyusedintoolsanddies[1,2 ] .M 2steelischarac terizedbyalongsolidificationrangeandcomplexeu tecticreactions ,whichresultsinsegregationofalloy ingelementsandformationofseveraldifferenttypesofcarbidesduringsolidification[3,4 ] .Forconventionallyprocessedhigh speedsteels ,itisinevitablethatacoarsecarbidenetworkwillbeformedduringsolidifi cation .Coarseprimarycarbidestendtoresultinun evencarbidebandsdistributionafterasubstantialamountofhotprocessing[5] .Ma…     

Influence of Ni Interlayers on the Mechanical Properties of Ti6Al4V/(WC-Co) Friction Welds

Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding of Ti6Al4V base material to three cemented carbide substrates. The fracture strength of Ti6Al4V/(WC-6 wt% Co) welds were poor and were markedly improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to dissimilar friction welding. These results were only produced when the (WC-6 wt% Co) cermet was electroplated prior to friction welding. When the Ti6Al4V alloy was electroplated prior to friction welding, fractured WC particles and cracking were observed in the (WC-Co) carbide substrate. The fracture strengths of Ti6Al4V/(WC-11 wt% Co) and Ti6Al4V/(WC-24 wt% Co) welds were not improved when 20-µm thick Ni interlayers were introduced prior to friction welding. During mechanical testing, the Ni layer retained at the dissimilar joint interface created a region of weakness.     

Two-stage fatigue loading of woven carbon fibre reinforced laminates

A brief review of the models used to predict the cumulative fatigue damage in FRP composites is presented. Two‐stage fatigue loading of a [0/90,± 45₂,0/90]_s quasi‐ isotropic woven carbon fibre/epoxy resin laminate was evaluated at stress ratio R = 0.05 and the failure mechanisms investigated using x‐radiography after each loading stage. The results are presented in terms of fatigue strength and damage growth and are compared with those in the literature. A low‐to‐high loading sequence is more damaging than a high‐to‐low one and the Palmgren‐Miner linear damage rule may no longer be valid for this kind of material, as previously reported.     

硬地层定向井中几种侧钻方法的灵活应用

在川渝地区，钻定向井、水平井必然要面对地层岩性变化大、硬度高等复杂地质情况，常常会遇到因井下复杂、事故、修改地质目标等原因需要填井侧钻。侧钻的方法不同，侧钻的成功率和效率差异很大。文中分析了川渝地区近几年硬地层定向井、水平井侧钻效率不高、有时甚至失败的原因，归纳总结了近几年常用的几种侧钻方法的施工效果，提出要根据具体条件灵活应用这几种侧钻方法。