Torque and bending moment acting on a flexible shaft agitated by disk turbines in a gas–liquid stirred vessel

The torque and bending moment acting on a flexible overhung shaft in a gas–liquid stirred vessel agitated by a Rushton turbine and three different curved-blade disk turbines(half circular blades disk turbine, half elliptical blades disk turbine, and parabolic blades disk turbine) were experimentally measured by a customized moment sensor. The results show that the amplitude distribution of torque can be fitted by a symmetric bimodal distribution for disk turbines, and generally the distribution is more dispersive as the blade curvature or the gas flow rate increases. The amplitude distribution of shaft bending moment can be fitted by an asymmetric Weibull distribution for disk turbines. The relative shaft bending moment manifests a "rising-falling-rising" trend over the gas flow number, which is a corporate contribution of the unstable gas–liquid flow around the impeller, the gas cavities behind the blades, and the direct impact of gas on the impeller. And the "falling" stage is greater and lasts wider over the gas flow number for Rushton turbine than for the curved-blade disk turbines.     

模具流道环流协同LDPE/HDPE吹塑薄膜结构性能研究

通过新型的旋转芯棒薄膜吹塑设备制备了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合薄膜,并研究了该设备模具流道环流协同作用对吹塑聚乙烯薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,制备的聚乙烯薄膜呈现一种互锁片晶结构;芯棒转速的提高对聚乙烯薄膜样品的结晶度、片晶厚度也有一定增益作用,使得结晶更完善;聚乙烯薄膜的拉伸性能和撕裂性能随芯棒转速提高都有所提升,尤其是横向力学性能,横向拉伸性能最大提升幅度为25.75%,横向撕裂性能最大提升幅度为27.64%;同时,该技术实现了在不影响聚乙烯薄膜的纵向热收缩率的情况下,大幅提高其横向热收缩率,提升幅度可达128.41%。     

全钢载重子午线轮胎带束层胶料损坏原因分析及配方优化

选取国内外同规格全钢载重子午线轮胎,通过分析微观形貌查找带束层胶料的早期损坏原因,并进行配方优化。结果表明:残留的氧化锌颗粒是引发国内品牌轮胎带束层胶料早期损坏的主要原因之一;活性氧化锌在橡胶基体中的分散性较好,胶料的物理性能和耐疲劳性能明显优于普通氧化锌胶料。     

氧化铝、氮化硅和碳化硅的疲劳特性与寿命预测

分析了几种典型的结构陶瓷在长期载荷下的失效特性和差别。认为长期失效的本质是强度衰减,建立了一个疲劳失效的强度衰减模型和提出了寿命预测方法。分别研究了氧化铝、氮化硅和碳化硅几种常用工程陶瓷在常温和高温下的疲劳特性和差异。采用三点弯曲的受力方式测试了不同载荷水平下的断裂时间。结果表明：碳化硅的疲劳门榄值超过强度的80％,而且受温度影响最小;氧化铝的静疲劳受微小裂纹扩展控制;氮化硅的高温疲劳主要是蠕变机制导致强度衰减,疲劳门槛值不超过强度50％。由实验研究了氮化硅的高温静疲劳、动疲劳和循环疲劳三者在相同温度和相同应力峰值变化下的寿命关系,结果与计算一致。     

工程轮胎胎面胶用黏土/炭黑/天然橡胶纳米复合材料的性能

在工程轮胎胎面胶配方中,用黏土替代部分高耐磨炭黑,利用机械共混工艺制备了黏土/炭黑/天然橡胶(NR)纳米复合材料,研究了复合材料的综合性能.结果表明,黏土的加入不会对胶料的硫化特性产生太大影响;少量黏土的加入增强了混炼胶的填料网络作用,改善了炭黑/NR硫化胶的物理机械性能,耐磨性能提高了15%～30%,降低了滚动阻力,提高了耐屈挠疲劳破坏性能,当黏土填充量为4份时,复合材料的综合性能最优.     

Two-Variable Refined Plate Theory for Thermoelastic Bending Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates

The thermoelastic bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates using the two-variable refined plate theory is presented in this paper. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, has strong similarity with classical plate theory in many aspects, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. The sandwich plate faces are assumed to have isotropic, two-constituent material distribution through the thickness, and the modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio of the faces, and thermal expansion coefficients are assumed to vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic ceramic material. Several kinds of sandwich plates are used taking into account the symmetry of the plate and the thickness of each layer. The influences played by the transverse shear deformation, thermal load, plate aspect ratio, and volume fraction distribution are studied. Numerical results for deflections and stresses of functionally graded metal–ceramic plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the thermoelastic bending behavior of functionally graded plates.     

一次结构法在锅炉受压元件强度设计中的应用

本文具体提出了一次结构法在具有平端盖的锅炉受压元件强度设计中的应用方法,并用一次弯曲应力和一次拉伸应力联合作用公式进行圆筒体和平端盖的强度校核.     

基于弯曲疲劳试验的柴油机曲轴疲劳寿命分析及改进

针对某高负荷车用柴油机,在提高最高燃烧压力条件下使用原有曲轴,在谐振式弯曲疲劳试验台上进行了曲轴弯曲疲劳试验,采用仿真的方法分析了曲轴在弯扭耦合下的疲劳强度,并对曲轴结构进行了优化。结果表明:带斜油孔的六面体网格曲轴模型应力计算更准确;通过模拟弯曲疲劳试验,可以更准确地获取曲轴的材料参数。优化结果表明:子模型法可有效优化曲轴圆角结构,提高曲轴疲劳强度。     

Investigation and modeling of low cycle fatigue behaviors of two Ni-based superalloys under dwell conditions

The ability to predict fatigue behaviors of turbine-disk-materials under operating conditions is an important aspect of designing a safe turbine engine. Studies of two Ni-based superalloys, powder metallurgy (PM) FGH95 and Cast GH4169, have been undertaken to investigate their low cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviors with different dwell conditions reflecting the fatigue–creep interaction at high temperature of 650 °C. Based on the deformation behaviors obtained by the tests, the effects of dwell on mean stress and shape of hysteretic loop at half life have been analyzed and considered to be introduced in developing a new fatigue model. For the purpose, two groups of parameters are defined in order to introduce the effects of mean stress and shape of hysteretic loop, especially due to their changes caused by dwell. Finally, an energy-based fatigue model is given with modifying of the original energy-type damage parameter. As a comparison, four typical models of LCF are used to model the experimental results, which are the Strain Range Partitioning method (SRP), the Frequency Separation method (FS), the Damage Rate method (DR) and the Ostergren method. The experimental data of LCF of cast and wrought (CW) Rene95, and PM Rene95 from open resources are also used to verify abilities of the newly-developed model. The results show that the model can describe fatigue behaviors well, and the scatter bands are within ±2, even considering the dwell effects. The accuracy and adaptability of predicting LCF life of the model are better than those of the four existing models.     

燃气轮机涡轮盘-片多轴低周疲劳寿命研究

针对燃气涡轮转子盘-片,考虑多轴应力对其疲劳寿命的影响。引入三种基于临界面法的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型,将临界面定义为最大破坏平面,并给出了寿命预测模型的执行步骤。结合转子盘-片实例进行了应用研究,结果显示：基于临界面法的多轴疲劳寿命预测结果具有较高的精度,其中Fatemi-Socie（FS）改进模型得到的结果与转子盘-片的实际疲劳寿命基本一致,并且模型中引入有限元计算是可行的,可以减少做一些复杂的实验。因此,研究结果具有一定的实际工程意义。