Anodic potential on dual-chambered microbial fuel cell with sulphate reducing bacteria biofilm

Dual chamber microbial fuel cell reactors were inoculated with a mixed culture of sulfate-reducing bacteria with anode potential being the controlling parameter. A negative poised anode potential enhanced the performance of this fuel cell while a positive poised anode potential had adverse effects on cell performance. Negative anodic potential affects the biofilm characteristics, as evidenced by electrochemical analysis. Microbial community was changed accordingly.     

废水处理过程中异常问题的解析与控制

以某纺织污水处理厂为实例，对运行过程中生物接触氧化单元出现的生物膜过厚、生物膜发白和红斑瓢体虫大量爆发的问题进行了解析，并提出了相应的对策和控制措施，不仅解决了实际问题，还可为国内其他污水处理厂提供指导。     

On Ilyashenko’s statistical attractors

We define a minimal α-observability of Ilyashenko’s statistical attractors. We prove that the space is always full Lebesgue decomposable into pairwise disjoint sets that are Lebesgue-bounded away from zero and included in the basins of a finite family of minimal α-observable statistical attractors. Among other examples, we analyse the Bowen homeomorphisms with non-robust topological heteroclinic cycles. We prove the existence of three types of statistical behaviours for these examples.     

Fouling Control by Reduction of Submicron Particles in a BF‐MBR with an Integrated Flocculation Zone in the Membrane Reactor

Abstract

Submicron particles represent one of the major foulants in the biofilm membrane reactor BF‐MBR. Reduction of the amount of submicron particles (colloids) adjacent to the membrane is one measure in order to provide better fouling control in BF‐MBR systems. A submerged hollow fiber (Zenon Zeeweed) membrane reactor was redesigned by introducing a flocculation zone below the aeration device of the membrane module. This resulted in reduction of submicron particles around the membrane from 8.2% to 6.9%, expressed in differential number percentage. The size of the most abundant particle fraction consequently increased from 0.70 to 0.84 µm. Furthermore, the modified membrane reactor design provided longer operational cycles, >40% reduction of suspended solids around the membrane, and improved retentate/concentrate characteristics, i.e., dewaterability (CST), settleability (SVI/SSV) and filterability (TTF).     

Dental Chatter: Bacterial Cross-Talk in the Biofilm of the Oral Cavity

Dental biofilms are composed of hundreds of bacterial species. These biofilms are diverse biological structures due to the heterogeneity of the many different types of supports in the oral cavity. The bacteria immobilized in these biofilms are exposed to rapid environmental changes such as pH, temperature, nutrition and anti-plaque agents. One mode in which these bacteria adapt in the dental biofilm is by quorum sensing. This cell-cell communication regulates diverse sets of adhesion modes, physiological changes, virulence properties, allowing the bacteria to persist in the dental biofilm under rapid environmental changes. In this review, we will concentrate mostly on the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans as one of the pivotal microorganisms in the supra-gingival biofilm that plays a major role in dental caries.     

Alternating current electrophoretic deposition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and the viability of the deposited biofilm in ethanol production

In this work, we have explored the possibility of using asymmetrical alternating current electrophoretic deposition (AC-EPD) process, which we have previously reported for enzyme deposition, to immobilize Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) cells onto stainless steel substrates. The deposition of S. cerevisiae cells at 30 Hz and 200 V_p-p permits the formation of 89 ± 16 μm thick cell layers in 30 min. The mass of the deposited cells is shown to increase quasi-linearly with the deposition time and the applied amplitude. In order to increase the mechanical stability of the immobilized cells, a thin layer of polyurethane was applied after the AC-EPD of S. cerevisiae cells. The viability of the immobilized cells was tested in the production of ethanol. The results showed that the fermentation process with the immobilized S. cerevisiae cells is more efficient than the fermentation carried out with similarly treated free cells.     

氨溴索联合左氧氟沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜抑制和清除能力的研究

目的：研究氨溴索联合左氧氟沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌生物被膜的抑制和清除作用,旨在为临床提供拮抗肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜形成和治疗的新策略。方法：收集不同耐药性肺炎克雷伯菌各15株,将其分为敏感组（野生菌组）、超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrum β-Lactamases, ESBLs）组、耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌（carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, CRKP）组,采用结晶紫染色法进行生物被膜半定量检测,再从各组中选取3株生物被膜产量相近的菌株,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定氨溴索和左氧氟沙星对肺炎克雷伯菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;棋盘稀释法测定不同浓度氨溴索对左氧氟沙星MIC的影响以及通过计算部分抑菌浓度指数（FIC）判断联合效果和选择最佳协同浓度;采用结晶紫法联合激光扫描共聚焦荧光显微镜研究不同浓度药物对肺炎克雷伯菌生物被膜的形成抑制试验和清除试验。结果：3组细菌生物被膜均在第5天达到成熟,两两比较发现敏感组较ESBLs组和CRKP组更易形成且产量更多（F=3.725,P=0.032）;棋盘稀释法显示,随着氨溴索浓度的增加,3组细菌左氧氟沙星MIC值的几何均数均明显下降,呈显著的负相关,且联合药敏结果显示,两药组合均呈现协同作用;在生物被膜形成抑制试验中,随着氨溴索浓度的增加,其抑制率均达到了75%以上,但其生物被膜清除率却未达到70%。 结论：氨溴索联合左氧氟沙星对临床早期抑制肺炎克雷伯菌生物被膜形成具有指导意义,且其最佳协同浓度为0.49 mg/mL氨溴索+4 μg/mL左氧氟沙星。