辣椒茎尖培养脱毒研究

以云南小米椒为试材，经无菌发芽，2－3片真叶时，经35℃处理4周，取无菌苗生长点，以Ms为基本培养基，在其中分别添加6－苄基腺嘌呤6－苄基腺嘌呤（6－BA）、玉米素（ZT）、细胞激素素（KT）、赤霉素（GA3）、吲哚酸（IAA）和萘乙酸（NAA）等生长调节剂进行培养，经筛选，发现其中Ms BA7.0mg/l IAA0.05mg/l比较适宜于茎尖培养，Ms ZT8.0mg/l GA32.0mg/l比较适宜于茎的伸长，将长2cm以上的芽无根苗转入1／2Ms IAA0.2mg/l NAA0.1mg/l的培养基上有利于根的生长，生根后移入土壤可正常生长1－1.5mm长的茎尖成苗脱毒率达96．3％，0．1－0.5mm长的茎尖脱毒率达100％。     

电子干扰条件下地空导弹射击能力评估模型研究

文中给出了在两种形式的电子干扰下,某型地空导弹武器系统发现目标能力的计算方法,进而研究了该条件下消灭目标的数学期望值、射击次数、保证目标在杀伤区远界和杀伤区内消灭的目标之间最小时间间隔、射击密度等参数的计算方法。据此,以实例对干扰条件下该型地空导弹射击能力进行评估,得出一些有价值的结论。     

Insect-Induced Synthesis of Phytoecdysteroids in Spinach, Spinacia oleracea

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) foliage is known to synthesize and accumulate insect molting hormones, predominantly in the form of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). We previously demonstrated that root 20E accumulation is increased following root damage. We designed two further experiments to address root responses to both mechanical and insect damage. In plants grown hydroponically, removal of 35% or less of the root mass did not result in changes in root 20E levels. However, removal of 70% of the root mass stimulated 6.0- and 1.5-fold increases in the root and shoot 20E concentrations, respectively. The effects of insect damage on soil-grown plants were investigated by infesting plant roots with black vine weevil (BVW: Otiorhynchus sulcatus) larvae and allowing them to feed for seven days. Decreases in root mass occurred in young plants; however, no changes were detected in mature plants. In all cases, root herbivory resulted in at least a 3.0-fold increase in root 20E concentrations. Our previous experiments implicated jasmonic acid and the analog methyl jasmonate (MJ) in signaling the damage-induced accumulation of root 20E levels. We investigated the activity of other phytohormones and growth regulators (GRs) on the 20E accumulation patterns of young plants as a means of examining the significance of jasmonates in the induction response. Hydroponic additions of MJ (0.5 M) and the synthetic auxin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA; 0.5 M), resulted in significant increases in root 20E levels. At the concentrations tested, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA₃), abscisic acid (ABA), and trans-zeatin (Z) had no effects on root 20E concentrations. However, both NAA (0.5–5.0 M) and Z (5.0 M) treatments caused increases in the root/shoot dry mass ratios, indicating shifts in resource allocation to the roots. Treatments involving ABA (5.0 M) and Z (0.5–5.0 M) caused significant increases in shoot 20E concentrations. No other hormone treatments altered shoot accumulation patterns. The mechanisms underlying the root 20E induction phenomena were investigated through the incorporation of [2-¹⁴C]mevalonic acid ([¹⁴C]MVA). Within one day, excised roots readily incorporated radioactivity into 20E from [¹⁴C]MVA. In intact plants, [¹⁴C]MVA absorbed by the roots was rapidly incorporated into root 20E pools following damage and MJ treatments. This implies that the wound-induced root 20E accumulation is the result of increased de novo 20E synthesis in the root.     

小口径自动炮连发射击精度仿真

针对某小口径自动炮连发射击时射弹散布大、射击精度明显下降的问题,联合三维建模软件Pro/E,动力学仿真软件ADAMS以及有限元分析软件ANSYS,考虑身管的柔性特性,建立了小口径自动炮的刚柔耦合动力学模型。通过仿真数据与实弹射击试验数据的对比,验证了模型的可信性。在此基础上,仿真分析了该炮连发射击时的炮口动态响应规律,探究了火炮射频、复进簧刚度及炮尾质量对连发射击时炮口动态响应的影响规律。研究成果为小口径自动炮连发射击炮口动态响应规律的认识以及连发射击精度的提高提供重要的参考依据。     

竹笋膳食纤维对冷冻面团流变学特性、水分分布和微观结构的影响

本实验比较竹笋膳食纤维、米糠膳食纤维和大豆膳食纤维的功能和理化特性,结果显示竹笋膳食纤维 的持水性、持油性、膨胀性、对NO2－和胆固醇的吸附能力分别为17.85 g/g、10.14 g/g、9.63 mL/g、4.82 μmol/g和 6.88 mg/g,均远高于米糠膳食纤维和大豆膳食纤维。研究不同竹笋膳食纤维添加量对冷冻面团流变学特性、水分分 布以及微观结构的影响,结果发现竹笋膳食纤维的添加使得冷冻面团的弹性模量和黏性模量得到提高;竹笋膳食纤 维改变了冷冻面团的水分分布,显著缩短冷冻面团峰T22的弛豫时间,增强了面团的持水能力;扫描电子显微镜观 察发现,竹笋膳食纤维改变了冷冻面团的微观结构,使其淀粉颗粒与面筋网络排列更加均匀。本研究将为竹笋膳食 纤维对冷冻面团的改良提供理论依据。     

竹笋乳酸菌饮料的研制

介绍了以竹笋为原料,用保加利亚乳杆菌（Ｌ．ｂ）和嗜热链球菌（Ｓ．ｔ）混合发酵制备竹笋乳酸菌饮料的工艺。通过正交实验,确定最佳发酵条件为：１２％的蔗糠添加量,３５％的竹笋深度,１：１的菌种比（Ｌ．ｂ／Ｓ．ｔ）,３％的接种量。     

一种改进的射门算法

为了使射门动作更快且准,进一步提高射门成功率,在分析了基本射门算法和曲线射门算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的射门算法——机器人先沿直线运动靠近球,然后沿曲线运动去踢球射门．并采用模糊控制来修正运动中的偏差,最后给出仿真试验结果．     

Evaluating the use of plant hormones and biostimulators in forage pastures to enhance shoot dry biomass production by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Fertilisation of established perennial ryegrass forage pastures with nitrogen (N)‐based fertilisers is currently the most common practice used on farms to increase pasture forage biomass yield. However, over‐fertilisation can lead to undesired environmental impacts, including nitrate leaching into waterways and increased gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere. Additionally, there is growing interest from pastoral farmers to adopt methods for increasing pasture dry matter yield which use ‘natural’, environmentally safe plant growth stimulators, together with N‐based fertilisers. Such plant growth stimulators include plant hormones and plant growth promotive microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi (‘biostimulators’, which may produce plant growth‐inducing hormones), as well as extracts of seaweed (marine algae). This review presents examples and discusses current uses of plant hormones and biostimulators, applied alone or together with N‐based fertilisers, to enhance shoot dry matter yield of forage pasture species, with an emphasis on perennial ryegrass. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry