基因型和培养因子对诱导草莓叶片再生芽的影响

以草莓品种Ｍ１４叶盘为外植体，建立了一个有效的、高频率的芽再生系统。通过对基本培养基、叶龄、基因型、暗培养处理以及激素组合等因子的研究，探讨了这些因子对草莓叶盘不定芽诱导的影响。在ＭＳ基本培养基附加３．０ｍｇ／ＬＢＡ和０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ２．４－Ｄ的培养基上，Ｍ１４叶盘不定芽再生频率达９４．４４％，平均每叶盘再生芽率１０．５６个。暗培养处理不能提高Ｍ１４叶盘的芽再生频率。１４～３０ｄ叶龄的叶盘有较高芽再生频率。Ｍ１４叶盘再生芽系统可用作草莓的微繁殖系统和基因转化的受体系统。     

绯红葡萄促成栽培若干生理特性的初步研究

绯红葡萄在促成栽培条件下，枝叶生长普遍表现出节间细而长、叶片薄、叶绿素含量低、叶绿素ａ／ｂ之比值减小；叶片的光合“午休现象”消失；果实直径、Ｔ．Ｓ．Ｓ．含量及酸含量的变化与露地葡萄存在明显的差异。     

Response of fruitset and other yield components to shoot topping and 2-chlorethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride application

Background and Aims:  We investigated the effectiveness of shoot topping and 2-chlorethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride (CCC) application on the control of fruitset and other yield components on the grapevine varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Tempranillo at two sites over two or three seasons.
Methods and Results:  Treatments were applied before and during the flowering period. Fruitset and yield per vine increased in response to both shoot topping and CCC treatment, especially when shoot topping was applied between E–L stages 19 and 23, and when CCC was applied 1 week before flowering. All varieties at both locations responded to shoot topping to some degree: from 20 to 57% relative to the control for fruitset and from 16 to 97% for yield per vine.
Conclusions:  Fruitset, and, thus, yield, can be improved by cultural practices in all seasons, but the magnitude of the response may be greatest in those seasons when fruitset is lower than the average. Neither berry number per bunch nor the visual appearance of the bunches were reliable indicators of fruitset performance.
Significance of the Study:  Optimal timing of shoot topping and CCC application as cultural practices is critical to maximise the response. The 'Coulure Index' and the 'Millerandage Index', which are described for the first time, are novel and useful indicators of fruitset that have been developed to quantify the reproductive performance of grapevines.     

Towards a simple indicator of water stress in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) based on the differential sensitivities of vegetative growth components

Responses of grapevine vegetative growth components to mild, medium and severe soil water deficits were used to identify simple and sensitive indicators for early diagnosis of water stress. Soil water deficit was characterised as the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) remaining in a water‐depleted rootzone. Growth components included the number of emerged leaves on first (Ist) and second (IInd) order lateral branches, the leaf area and internode length of each phytomer of Ist order lateral branches, and the frequency of IInd order lateral branching. These components were measured in a greenhouse on Shiraz (syn. Syrah) grapevines, over a 38‐day period of stabilised soil water regimes. Leaf emergence rate, final leaf area and final internode length of lateral branches I were relatively insensitive to mild and medium water deficits. They only decreased in response to severe water deficits. The frequency of IInd order lateral branching showed a similar trend, but was inhibited at severe water deficits. The leaf emergence rate of lateral branches II was highly sensitive to FTSW, and decreased even in response to mild water deficits. Because measurement of leaf emergence rate is a time consuming process, further analysis of the data was undertaken to identify a simpler but similarly effective indicator of cumulative water deficit. Accordingly, we established that the final length of lateral branches I was sensitive to medium water deficits, while the final ratio of the number of leaves on lateral branches II to the number of leaves on lateral branches I, was sensitive to even mild water deficits. Both of these composite indicators (derived variables) were relatively easy to measure and showed potential as early indicators of water deficits. They were more sensitive to FTSW than was predawn leaf water potential. Moreover, the final ratio of the number of leaves on lateral branches II to the number of leaves on lateral branches I was even more sensitive to FTSW than was stomatal conductance.     

A model, heuristic procedure and decision support system for solving the movie shoot scheduling problem

Creating a movie shoot schedule is an important part of the movie production process. Even for a small movie project already 50 activities requiring 130 resources such as different actors, director, team, special effects and locations etc. have to be scheduled respecting complex constraints which may be imposed on single resources as well as on every activity. In this paper, we present the movie shoot scheduling problem and formulate a conceptual model. We present a metaheuristic approach for generating operational schedules, outline the modules of the decision support system Schedule This which we have developed and finally we shortly report practical experiences. Our experience from using the DSS in real movie shooting projects shows significant improvements with respect to faster and better scheduling as well as ad hoc re-scheduling.     

Effects of genetic variability,parts and seasons on the sterol content and composition in bamboo shoots

Bamboo shoots are regarded as potential sources of sterols. The effects of genetic variability, parts and harvest seasons on the sterol content and composition in the bamboo shoots have been determined using a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatographic atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometer method. The results showed that the representative sterols in bamboo shoots were β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, cholesterol and stigmastanol; exception stigmastanol, the significant differences were observed in the sterol content of different species (112.4–279.6 mg/100 g dry wt), different harvest seasons (195.3–279.6 mg/100 g dry wt) and different parts (253.6–321.8 mg/100 g dry wt); the sterol composition was similar in different species and different harvest seasons, however, it was significantly different between shoot bodies and shoot shell. The genetic variability, parts and harvest seasons could significantly affect the sterol composition in the bamboo shoots. The spring shoot shell of Phyllostachys pubescens contained the highest sterol content (321.8 mg/100 g dry wt).     

篮球"原地单手肩上跳投"技术教法的实验研究

在篮球"原地单手肩上跳投"技术教学过程中,采用讲解、示范与录相、挂图相结合的教法进行了实验研究.结果表明,该教学方法能有效提高学生原地单手肩上跳投技术,调动学生的积极性,提高分析与解决问题的能力,在篮球教学中应广泛推广.     

大型沉井数字化监测与控制系统的试验研究

结合上海市污水治理二期工程中最大的沉井施工项目ＳＢ泵站沉井工程 ,采用数码相机近景摄影对沉井下沉过程中各方向平移、偏斜及扭转的时间历程进行数字化监测。并运用现代控制理论对沉井的下沉量、下沉速度、井体偏斜量作出预估并结合实测结果对沉井的下沉过程进行动态优化 ,按期望目标进行在线控制 ,并对抗井的终沉进社分析与预报以便达到稳步下沉。     

大叶麻竹笋多糖分离纯化工艺

以水提醇沉法提取到的大叶麻竹笋粗多糖为原料,对其进行脱蛋白、透析脱色、DEAE-52纤维素柱层析分级、Sephadex-50葡聚糖凝胶柱分级处理,探究大叶麻竹笋多糖的分离纯化工艺。研究结果表明,木瓜蛋白酶结合Sevag法是最佳脱蛋白条件;进行DEAE-52纤维素柱分级,以纯水、0.05 mol/L和0.1 mol/L NaCl溶液洗脱获得了3 种主要的大叶麻竹笋多糖组分BSP1、BSP2、BSP3;再进行Sephadex-50葡聚糖凝胶分级,分别纯化得到了BSP1A、BSP2A、BSP3B 3 种多糖组分,这3 种多糖组分基本不含蛋白质和核酸,且纯度均达到了95.3%以上。