Multivariate Analysis of the Stability of Spray-Dried Eupenicillium javanicum Peptidases

Peptidases occupy a central position in the enzyme market because of their importance in many areas, such as for physiological processes, foods, and detergents, as well as in the pharmaceutical, leather, and biotechnology industries. Microbial production is among the major sources of peptidases because it presents many advantages when compared with other methods. In this study, the metallopeptidases produced by the fungus Eupenicillium javanicum under a solid-state fermentation bioprocess were spray-dried. The enzymatic extract was dried using drying adjuvants, and optimal conditions for preserving enzymatic activity were studied following a Box-Behnken experimental design. The spray process factors studied were the air-drying temperature, enzyme feed flow rate, and the proportion of enzyme/additive. The responses analyzed were the dry extract yield and enzymatic activity after spray drying. Additionally, the stability of the dry extracts was assessed during 180 days at 4°C and 25°C. The results revealed extract yields of up to 66.12% and good enzymatic activity for intermediate values of temperature and adjuvant proportions. Furthermore, the dried enzymatic extracts showed potential for future commercial applications because of their stability at 25°C for 180 days.     

Preparation and evaluation of biocide-loaded particles to control the biofouling zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha

The freshwater zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha is a powerful biofouling bivalve, which has tremendous impact on industrial facilities whose operation depends on the intensive use of freshwater, such as waterworks and power stations. The control of the pest in industrial environments remains a major challenge due to low selectivity over non-target organisms and the expense of the large quantities of biocides required. A novel delivery technique involving the encapsulation of a toxin within hundred micron-sized particles, edible for the bivalves, has been recently proposed. This strategy exploits the mussels’ filtration activity and minimises their avoidance responses to certain chemicals, resulting in an increase of their susceptibility to the biocide. In the present paper, which further develops this approach, a new, promising toxin-loaded particulate formulation is presented. The effectiveness of the product as a molluscicide has been demonstrated in laboratory bioassays. Encapsulation was observed to reduce the amount of biocide required to achieve 90% mortality in a 12-h treatment by a factor of approximately three. The dependence of the biocide-loaded particles’ molluscicidal activity on their physical characteristics is also illustrated in this paper by comparing the features of the promising formulation to those of an unsuccessful particulate product.     

Modification of the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3 coating deposited on ferritic stainless steel by spray pyrolysis after oxidation in air at high temperature

The behaviour of La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO₃ applied to ferritic stainless steel (AISI 430) by spray pyrolysis was investigated after oxidation at 800 °C in air. The film was characterized with regard to its morphology, structure and adhesion. The film was regular over the entire surface and adhered well to the metallic substrate. Oxidation modified the film structure, forming an oxide (SrCrO₄) in the metal/coating region due to Sr diffusion from the coating and Cr diffusion from the metallic substrate. A thermodynamic computational simulation confirmed the formation and stability of this oxide.     

纳米石墨包覆球形LiFePO_4正极材料的制备及其性能研究

采用湿球研磨-喷雾干燥法合成了纳米石墨包覆的球形LiFePO_4材料。该材料呈现了大小较为均匀的球形颗粒,颗粒度较小。性能测试表明该材料具有优异的电化学性能,最佳样品C在0.1 C时的放电比容量为160.9 m A·h·g~(-1),在高倍率5 C下的比容量仍为120.5 m A·h·g~(-1),显示了良好的比容量维持率。该法制备细小而致密的球形颗粒,并通过纳米石墨包覆增强导电性,大大提高了LiFePO_4材料的电化学性能,此方法简便、高效,有工业化应用的前景。     

喷涂机器人路径组合优化中喷枪新模型

针对当前已有的喷炬二维和三维模型,由于在解决喷枪路径组合优化时涂层均匀性仍出现的不足,提出了一种考虑喷枪喷射高度的涂层生长速率新模型。该模型以路径组合优化中常见的交界线平行和不平行两种情况为研究对象,并基于面片交界处喷枪轨迹为PA-PA时涂层厚度均匀性较好的原则,分别采用修正喷枪速率法和变偏距变速率法来提高喷涂的均匀性,最后通过应用实例与仿真,证明了该模型的有效性。     

喷雾干燥结合等离子球化法制备NbMoTaWZr-HfC粉末的特性与组织演变研究

采用喷雾干燥+射频等离子体球化法制备NbMoTaWZr-HfC球形粉末,并对粉末的宏观特性、物相组成和微观组织形貌进行研究和分析。结果表明,制备的复合粉末形状为球形,粒度范围为13.31～32.11μm,D50=19.62μm。粉末球形度、流速和松装密度分别为0.98、0.198 s/g,7.20 g/cm³。球化后粉末由体心立方(bcc)固溶体+ZrO₂+HfC物相组成,其内部组织为枝晶和胞状晶混合组织。球化后粉末颗粒整体成分均匀,但在枝晶微区存在元素偏析,其中W、Mo、Ta等高熔点元素在枝晶臂富集,Nb、Zr等低熔点元素在枝晶间富集,而Hf元素分布均匀。     

堆浸雾化布液条件实验研究

布液是堆浸浸出工艺中一个重要环节之一。本文介绍了一种新的布液方法——雾化布液。用铀矿石模拟矿堆，通过堆浸雾化布液条件实验，得出使用该布液法能得到较高的浸出液铀平均浓度及较高的浸出率，能缩短浸出时间，提高经济效益，从而验证了雾化布液的优越性。为堆浸矿山采用雾化布液提供参考依据。     

Modellbasierte Regelung der Partikelgrößenverteilung in der kontinuierlichen Wirbelschicht‐Sprühgranulation

Recycling of milled product particles in continuous fluidised bed spray granulation can lead to sustained oscillations in the particle size distribution. In this contribution, a model‐predictive feedback control scheme is presented that allows for stabilisation of unstable steady‐states. The feedback law is designed based on a population balance model, which describes the temporal evolution of the particle size distribution due to the particulate processes, and is compared with traditional design methods (PI, LQR).     

Structural,morphological and up-converting luminescence characteristics of nanocrystalline Y2O3:Yb/Er powders obtained via spray pyrolysis

Sub-micronic, spherical Y₂O₃:Yb/Er particles comprising clustered nano-units (70 nm) were prepared via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis from pure nitrate precursor solutions with different Yb/Er dopant ratios. The particles were additionally thermally treated at 1100 °C for 12, 24 and 48 h. The structural and morphological characteristics of particles were studied by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and specific surface area (BET) and were further correlated with their advanced optical properties. For the recorded up-conversion emissions, originating from the following Er³⁺ transitions: [²H_9/2→⁴I_15/2] in blue (407–420 nm); [²H_11/2, ⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2] green: 510–590 nm; and [⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2] in red (640–720 nm) spectral region, the corresponding lifetimes were acquired in the wide temperature range (10–300 K). The most intense green up-conversion emission with the long decay of 550 ms is recorded for Y_1.97Yb_0.02Er_0.01O₃ particles thermally treated at 1100 °C for 24 h.     

Combined Application of Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Networks in Modeling and Characterization of Spray Drying Drug: Cyclodextrin Complexes

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of combined application of quality by design tools such as central composite design (CCD), response surface methodology (RSM), and artificial neural networks (ANN) in the characterization, modeling, and optimizaton of spray drying of a poorly soluble drug : cyclodextrin complex. Models were developed by RSM and ANN from different pools of data. The model with best predictability was the ANN multilayer perceptron (MLP)1 model developed from the largest group of data (R ² for response yield 0.854, moisture content 0.886). On the other hand, analysis of equations derived from the application of RSM contributed in better understanding the complex relationships between input and output variables. By application of a desirability function approach, optimal process parameters that resulted in the best process yield (86%) and minimal moisture content in the powder (3.3%) were established (25% feed concentration, 180°C inlet air temperature, 10% pump speed).