Design development of a static sunshade using small scale modeling technique

The rising global demand for energy has triggered emphasis on conservation of energy. Buildings are one of the important energy consuming sectors. Passive solar architecture encompasses a wide range of strategies and options resulting in energy efficient building design and increased occupant's comfort. Passive solar design, aiming at increasing direct solar gains during winter period and to avoid overheating during summer period should make use of specific shading devices over energy efficient window. The static sunshades are most effective for solar control inside the buildings.Countries like India have composite climate, which can be classified under summer, winter and rainy season. Depending on the seasonal requirements, this paper introduces a new geometry of a static sunshade, designed by calculating the sun angles for the two dates. The static sun shading design methodology is validated with the help of small scale modeling experimentation technique, carried out in Pilani, Rajasthan (India). Although insulating materials can be used as a part of a building structure, its feasibility should be checked before particular application. In the present paper, the two small-scale experimental models of actual construction material with varying static sunshades, i.e. horizontal and the proposed one have been constructed and analyzed with the models of insulating material (Polyurethane Foam [PUF]). Depending upon the solar intersection over south facade wall, sunlit area and shaded area have been correlated with temperature inside the models to decide the effectiveness of the proposed sunshade.     

分段线性材料桁架的位移灵敏度

本文推导了分段线性材料桁架结构的位移对截面积的灵敏度，并给出三杆桁架实例。指出了在材料性质发生突变处位移对截面积的灵敏度不连续、位移等值面不光滑：讨论了，采用准则法求解优化问题时的灵敏度计算和迭代公式，旨在指出文献中的错误。     

Dynamic elastic-plastic behaviour of whipping pipes: experiments and theoretical model

This paper is concerned with the problem of pipe whip, the dynamic response of a high pressure piping system subjected to an end force as the result of a pipe break which releases a jet of fluid from the broken section. Both experimental and theoretical results are presented concerning the dynamic elastic-plastic behaviour of cantilever pipes subjected to a transverse force pulse at the free end. Comparisons between experimental data and theoretical predictions are made for mild-steel pipes with outer diameter-to-thickness ratios of 19.5, 28 and 32. It is demonstrated that, for these geometries, the whipping pipes display three characteristically different responses, viz. elastic, plastic hardening behaviour for thick pipes, elastic, plastic hardening-softening behaviour for moderately thick pipes and elastic, plastic hardening-softening-collapse behaviour for thinner pipes. The experimental data taken from a series of high-speed films are compared with the predictions of the instantaneous shapes of the whipping pipes derived from both a rigid, perfectly-plastic, large deflection, dynamic beam model and a more comprehensive model which incorporates the effects of elasticity and plastic hardening and softening, the details of which are presented in the paper.     

西非被动大陆边缘Walvis Ridge以南纳米比亚盆地的地质特征及油气意义——兼与Walvis Ridge以北盆地比较

西非被动大陆边缘近海盆地区是世界关注的油气产区和投资热点地区之一,但目前为止的油气产出主要集中在Walvis Ridge以北的盆地区(北部盆地区),而以南的纳米比亚盆地区只发现了一个Kudu气田。从西非被动边缘的构造演化历史、边缘结构特征等方面,通过纳米比亚盆地与北部产油气盆地间的比较,对纳米比亚近海盆地区的油气勘探前景进行了有益的探讨。综合分析后认为,纳米比亚近海盆地区油气勘探没有大的突破的主要原因是受政治影响、勘探程度低及公布资料较少、研究程度低。从边缘演化特征来看,纳米比亚盆地区裂谷作用及海底扩张方式、边缘结构等与北部盆地区十分相似,只不过时间上略早。南、北盆地区都经历了前裂谷期、同裂谷期、过渡期和后裂谷期等几个发育时期,形成了类似的构造—沉积组合,发育类似的烃源岩层(除与北部盆地区类似的烃源岩层外,纳米比亚边缘Karoo期前裂谷期沉积可能也是潜在烃源岩)。成熟度和热史模拟认为,纳米比亚边缘离开海岸线一定距离内油气成熟度达到中、高度,具备了油气生成条件,而储盖层及对西非产油意义较大的蒸发岩也较发育,漂移期地层中发育的重力滑动构造可形成大型构造圈闭并对漂移期浊积岩分布有控制作用。综合分析后认为,纳米比亚盆地区与北部盆地区具十分相似的地质背景,具备了形成油气的条件,应加强勘探与研究工作,而纳米比亚近海盆地离开岸线一定范围是油气勘探的优选目标区。     

多层住宅砖混房屋设计中两点问题的探讨

浅议多层住宅砖混房屋中构造柱的作用及设置方法；探讨了砖混结构墙下条形基础底面积重复利用问题及其解决方法。     

有源滤波器非线性行为分析及其电磁干扰的抑制

对具有结构不稳定性的有源滤波器的非线性问题进行了研究，通过对绝缘栅双极型晶体管（IGBT）器件开关过程产生的瞬态电流脉冲的传播过程进行分析，将IGBT器件的控制电压引起的结构稳定问题的抑制转化为该瞬态电流脉冲传播通路的阻断。利用仿真和实验对正激式与反激式开关变换器进行抗干扰能力的研究，说明反激式开关变换器用于有源电力滤波器(APF)的辅助开关电源，更有利于APF对非线性问题的抑制。     

Solid-state NMR as a probe of porous catalysts and catalytic processes

The power of solid-state NMR for the interrogation of porous catalytic materials is illustrated using three examples. First, for the investigation of catalytic processes occurring within the confines of a microporous catalyst NMR is shown to reveal both the details of shape-selectivity and the nature of internal surface species. Second, NMR is shown to be a powerful short-range tool to reveal precise structural information on highly disordered microporous titanosilicates. Despite long-range disorder the short-range order is maintained and can be easily studied. Finally, the same utility of probing short-range chemical phenomena is shown to be crucial for the investigation of novel-ordered-amorphous-mesoporous materials known generically as M41S. This class of material is currently one of the most important with potential catalytic application.     

THE EFFECT OF CATHODIC PROTECTION POTENTIAL ON CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE OF AN OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL STEEL

Abstract— Duplicate tests have been performed to determine the effect of cathodic protection potential on corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of a modern offshore structural steel, produced by thermo-mechanically controlled processes. The experiments were carried out using compact tension specimens exposed to artificial seawater at 10°C and subjected to constant amplitude loading at 0.35 Hz. Reproducible results showed that the merits of cathodic protection potentials are strongly dependent on stress intensity ratio R and stress intensity range Δ K . It appears that a specific value of cathodic potential may not give comprehensive protection against corrosion fatigue within the spectrum of variable amplitude loading experienced in service. Fractography showed the initiation of secondary cracks on the fracture surface to be associated with the dissolution of calcium sulphide inclusions, regardless of imposed cathodic potential.