波动方程叠前偏移在碳酸盐岩成像中的应用研究

叠前偏移是解决强横向变速情况下复杂构造成像的一种有效手段,在碳酸盐岩成像处理研究中,利用波动方程叠前偏移较叠后偏移能获得分辨率高、保幅性好的偏移成果,孔洞能得到很好的刻画,串珠聚焦程度好,归位更加合理,能真实反映地下的构造形态,提高碳酸盐岩岩溶地形的地震预测成功率。对时间偏移和深度偏移在理论方法、适用性和处理剖面效果方面进行了分析对比,在地下构造复杂或横向速度变化较大时,叠前深度偏移能获得更好的效果。速度建模是影响叠前偏移成像技术的核心问题之一,获得准确的层速度是叠前深度偏移成功的关键。     

紊动强度沿垂线分布规律的分析

在现有研究的基础上，运用超声流速仪进行挟沙水流水槽实验，并结合分析激光流速仪、应变式紊动流速仪的观测结果，建立了纵向紊动强度与流速、流速梯度之间的定量关系。利用数值实验方法，分析了水流最大流速、摩阻流速及卡曼常数对紊动强度最大值出现位置的影响。     

Comparative study of direct and indirect forging processes for rheological material of A356 aluminium alloy

Abstract

Using a vacuum electromagnetic stirring system, a high quality rheological material is developed in order to fabricate the engineering components without defects like internal porosities, which are caused by the entrapment of external air into the melt and impurities arising from the penetration of surface oxides by vacuum electromagnetic stirring. For practical application in vehicle industry, forming of the knuckle component that is used in automobiles was demonstrated by both direct and indirect type rheoforging processes. Here, insufficient filling behaviour occurred during direct forging processes, whereas indirect rheoforging of material with a solid fraction of 30–40% produced a completely formed knuckle component; thus, an indirect forging process may be suitable for forming the knuckle part. Through microstructural investigations and tensile tests before and after T6 heat treatment of the material, mechanical properties were characterised. By obtaining data about the rheoforging process and material properties of the rheoforged product associated with microstructural features, feasibility for future practical application was investigated. Moreover, the die structure for direct and indirect rheological forging processes was comparatively studied.     

Open channel junction velocity prediction by using a hybrid self-neuron adjustable artificial neural network

Determining the appropriate hidden layers neuron number is one of the most important processes in modeling the Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN). Despite the significant effect of the MLP-ANN neurons number on predicting accuracy, there is no definite rule for its determination. In this study, a new self-neuron number adjustable, hybrid Genetic Algorithm-Artificial Neural Network (GA-ANN), is introduced and its application examined on the complex velocity field prediction of an open channel junction. The results of GA-ANN were compared with those got by the Genetic Programming (GP) method as two applications of the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The comparisons showed that the GA-ANN model can predict the open channel junction velocity with higher accuracy than the GP model, with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.086 and 0.156, respectively. Finally the equation, obtained by applying the GA-ANN model, predicting the velocity at the open channel junction is presented.     

Vehicle mass and injury risk in two-car crashes: A novel methodology

This paper introduces a novel methodology based on disaggregate analysis of two-car crash data to estimate the partial effects of mass, through the velocity change, on absolute driver injury risk in each of the vehicles involved in the crash when absolute injury risk is defined as the probability of injury when the vehicle is involved in a two-car crash. The novel aspect of the introduced methodology is in providing a solution to the issue of lack of data on the speed of vehicles prior to the crash, which is required to calculate the velocity change, as well as a solution to the issue of lack of information on non-injury two-car crashes in national accident data. These issues have often led to focussing on relative measures of injury risk that are not independent of risk in the colliding cars. Furthermore, the introduced methodology is used to investigate whether there is any effect of vehicle size above and beyond that of mass ratio, and whether there are any effects associated with the gender and age of the drivers. The methodology was used to analyse two-car crashes to investigate the partial effects of vehicle mass and size on absolute driver injury risk. The results confirmed that in a two-car collision, vehicle mass has a protective effect on its own driver injury risk and an aggressive effect on the driver injury risk of the colliding vehicle. The results also confirmed that there is a protective effect of vehicle size above and beyond that of vehicle mass for frontal and front to side collisions.     

The Conduction of Current in Bearings

The mechanism of the action of sulfur compounds during boundary lubrication has been studied by using S³⁵ as a tracer. A NACA type friction machine was used to study the chemical reaction between elementary sulfur or sulfur compounds and metals. All additives were added to cetane which was used as a lubricating oil.

It has been found that it is possible to study kinetically the formation of the iron sulfide and the rate of the wear of its film on the friction surface. Some good analytical results have been obtained.

The rate of wear of iron sulfide film for benzyl disulfide is lower than that for the elementary sulfur, because the former may adsorb effectively to the worn surface. The iron sulfide film formed on the friction surface seems to absorb the polar compounds more actively than the surface of iron oxide. These results Were revealed from the autoradiography of the adsorption.     

Modelling and measurements of the velocity gradient and local flow direction at the pore scale of a packed bed

In a packed bed with single phase liquid flow, velocity gradient and local flow direction are measured at the pore scale using tri-segmented microelectrodes flush mounted at the surface of a sphere equator area. The experimental measurements are compared to numerical predictions deduced from the solution of a 3D model based on continuity and momentum balance equations.     

An experimental investigation for cold-state flow field of regenerative heating annular furnace

According to modeling theory, a cold-state model with 1:10 scale was established for a regenerative heating annular furnace. Following to the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) testing method by using tracing particles, a high-speed camera was adopted to measure the velocity distribution in the furnace. The experimental results found that the airflow from the burners could not be sucked by the first opposite burner on the other side wall; and that closing the soaking section results to farther suction location, which prolongs gas residence time in the furnace, and it also avoids the rich-fueled smoke gas short circuit which usually occurs in the regenerative heating furnace. The velocity profiles have a great variance in the chamber. With farther location to the nozzle, velocity profiles are more even. At a certain angle of the air jet, there are two vortexes close to the burner. With higher flow rate, it is easier for the airflow to reach the opposite chamber wall.     

影剧院舞台夏季不同送风方式的模拟及优化

通过运用FLUENT软件模拟夏季影剧院舞台上送上回形式下,三种不同送风方式下的舞台气流组织,通过对温度场、速度场的分布的比较,得出了最优送风方式。     

Calibration Method of Current Meters

This paper presents a rapid method for propeller current meter calibration, enabling calibration of current meters in their actual working conditions using simpler equipment than what is currently used in traditional calibrations, and exploiting the uniform velocity profile present through submerged outflows (e.g., flow nozzles and orifices). Experiments were performed to confirm the fundamental hypothesis of uniform horizontal and vertical velocity distribution downstream of a submerged jet. Two experimental velocities were adopted to determine the calibration curve: one based on the discharge and the outflow area; the other derived from Torricelli’s formula, which relies on the head difference between two reservoir levels. Because a current meter measures local velocity, the influence on the measurements’ reliability as a function of current meter position in the submerged outflow jet was investigated. An uncertainty analysis was also performed, and a comparison of the results with the preexisting calibration lines obtained by towing tank is presented.