纳米淀粉微球的制备及其在生物医药中的应用

综述了纳米淀粉微球的3种制备方法:物理法、化学法和反相微乳液法,介绍了反相微乳液法制备纳米淀粉微球的原理、制备步骤、淀粉微球性质及其在生物医药领域的应用。     

无血清条件下LIF对小鼠胚胎干细胞增殖及多能性的影响

在无血清条件下培养KES小鼠胚胎干细胞,研究LIF在无血清条件下对小鼠胚胎干细胞增殖及多能性维持的影响。联合使用小分子物质SU5402、PD184352和CHIR99021或单独使用LIF培养小鼠胚胎干细胞,检测无血清条件下LIF对小鼠胚胎干细胞自我更新能力和全能性的影响。结合使用极限稀释法培养KES细胞单克隆,统计不同培养体系下单克隆的形成率。结果显示:无血清条件下,单独使用LIF,不能维持小鼠胚胎干细胞的自我更新能力和全能性;使用含有3种小分子药物SU5402,PD184352和CHIR99021(3i)的无血清培养液可以维持小鼠胚胎干细胞的自我更新,传代60代以上仍可保持全能性;添加LIF的3i培养系统显著提高了小鼠胚胎干细胞的单克隆形成率。表明在无血清条件下,LIF不能单独维持小鼠胚胎干细胞的多能性。3i培养体系可以维持胚胎干细胞的全能性而不需要LIF;3i条件下,LIF可以显著促进胚胎干细胞体外增殖和单克隆形成。     

降低药房药品发放差错率

药品是一种特殊的商品,而配方发药是医疗服务过程中的重要环节。配方发药差错是指药师根据医生的处方为病人提供药品时出现的差错,如发出了错误的药品、发出了错误剂量的药品或药品的数量差错等等。而药房管理质量的好坏,药品发放是否准确,直接关系到患者的切身利益和生命安全,也紧密联系着卫生所的医疗服务质量,因此药房管理急需解决的问题是减少药品发放差错率的问题。     

基于RFID的医院药品流动管理系统研究

随着物联网技术的不断发展,无线射频识别技术这一方法得到了不断的完善,也已经开始逐步运用到社会的各个方面,但是在药品流通管理方面还不算完善。基于对RFID(射频识别)技术的研究,文中设计了一种医院药品流动管理系统。采用RFID可以实时对医院药品的流动进行检测和查询。由手持设备对RFID标签进行扫描,将信息传递给上位机,最后由上位机进行相应的处理。使用RFID一方面可以唯一标识医院药品,另一方面可以根据所读到的RFID标签对医院药品进行流动检测和查看相应的信息。     

磁性脂质体的制备及应用研究进展

综述了纳米磁性粒子和磁性脂质体的制备方法,同时简要介绍了磁性脂质体在磁性分离、靶向药物、热疗、组织工程和造影剂等领域的应用进展.     

Development of novel core-shell dual-mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the production of high bioavailable controlled-release fenofibrate tablets

Novel core-shell dual-mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN) were successfully prepared as a carrier in order to improve the dissolution of fenofibrate and obtain an oral highly bioavailable controlled-release drug delivery system using the osmotic pump technology. Fenofibrate was loaded into DMSN by an adsorption method. The solid state properties of fenofibrate in DMSN, before and after drug loading, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro release tests showed that DMSN increased the dissolution rate of fenofibrate and produced zero-order release in push–pull osmotic pump tablets (OPT). The relative bioavailability of OPT was 186.9% in comparison with the commercial reference product. In summary, osmotic pump technology in combination with solid dispersion technology involving nanometer materials is a promising way for achieving the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.     

Preloading of Hydrophobic Anticancer Drug into Multifunctional Nanocarrier for Multimodal Imaging,NIR‐Responsive Drug Release,and Synergistic Therapy

Applications of hydrophobic drug‐based nanocarriers (NCs) remain largely limited because of their low loading capacity. Here, development of a multifunctional hybrid NC made of a magnetic Fe3O4 core and a mesoporous silica shell embedded with carbon dots (CDs) and paclitaxel (PTX), and covered by another layer of silica is reported. The NC is prepared via a one‐pot process under mild condition. The PTX loading method introduced in this study simplifies drug loading process and demonstrates a high loading capacity due to mesoporous silica dual‐shell structure, supramolecular π‐stacking between conjugated rings of PTX molecules, and aromatic rings of the CDs in the hybrid NC. The CDs serve as both confocal and two‐photon fluorescence imaging probes, while the Fe3O4 core serves as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Significantly, NC releases PTX in response to near infrared irradiation as a result of local heating of the embedded CDs and the heating of CDs also provides an additional therapeutic effect by thermally killing cancer cells in tumor in addition to the chemotherapeutic effect of released PTX. Both in vitro and in vivo results show that NC demonstrates high therapeutic efficacy through a synergistic effect from the combined chemo‐photothermal treatments.     

Screening for the Drug–Phospholipid Interaction: Correlation to Phospholipidosis

Phospholipid bilayers represent a complex, anisotropic environment fundamentally different from bulk oil or octanol, for instance. Even “simple” drug association to phospholipid bilayers can only be fully understood if the slab‐of‐hydrocarbon approach is abandoned and the complex, anisotropic properties of lipid bilayers reflecting the chemical structures and organization of the constituent phospholipids are considered. The interactions of drugs with phospholipids are important in various processes, such as drug absorption, tissue distribution, and subcellular distribution. In addition, drug–lipid interactions may lead to changes in lipid‐dependent protein activities, and further, to functional and morphological changes in cells, a prominent example being the phospholipidosis (PLD) induced by cationic amphiphilic drugs. Herein we briefly review drug–lipid interactions in general and the significance of these interactions in PLD in particular. We also focus on a potential causal connection between drug‐induced PLD and steatohepatitis, which is induced by some cationic amphiphilic drugs.     

Decomposition of diclofenac by solar driven photocatalysis at pilot plant scale

Pilot plant experiments applying solar titanium dioxide photocatalysis and solar photo-Fenton treatment at different pH and iron concentrations with an initial diclofenac concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹ are described.

In preliminary experiments absence of hydrolysis and slow photolysis under solar irradiation of diclofenac solutions were observed. Solar photo-Fenton treatment with freshly precipitated iron at pH around 7 showed first order kinetics, the reaction taking place on the surface of the iron precipitate. Simultaneous oxidation, precipitation and re-dissolution processes of diclofenac governed photo-Fenton decomposition kinetics at pH 2.8. The use of different iron concentrations (0.03–0.75 mM) showed no influence on the reaction rate in a neutral medium due to reactor geometry. Similar behaviour (no influence of iron concentration) was observed at pH 2.8, due to precipitation problems. A pH of around 4, close to the pK_a of diclofenac, showed promising results, partly overcoming both iron and diclofenac precipitation. Solar titanium dioxide photocatalysis with Degussa P-25 followed first order kinetics and no precipitation or adsorption occurred.

Decomposition of diclofenac took around 100 min under all photo-Fenton treatment conditions employed. Decomposition by titanium dioxide photocatalysis took about 200 min. In photo-Fenton treatment, hydrogen peroxide consumption to diclofenac decomposition was about 80–110 mM at pH 2.8 and 40 mM in the other two treatments (neutral pH and pH = 4).     

Drug-intake regulation and the interplay between economics cost and benefits: Comment on Lynch and Carroll (2001).

W. J. Lynch and M. E. Carroll's (see record 2001-06653-001) review argues aversive effects and for satiation and direct effects as the mechanisms responsible for the descending limb of the dose-response function. Analysis is provided that suggests they may prematurely dispose of the aversive-effects account. Further analysis of the evidence for satiation and direct effects supports the authors' contention that neither can be exclusively supported. A brief behavioral–economic analysis of drug-intake regulation and the descending limb of the dose-response function is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)