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81.
It is demonstrated that glassy carbon powder can be thermochemically activated. During activation, a film with open pores is created on the glassy carbon particles. This film has a large internal surface area, which is accessible to liquids and gases. A simple model for the evolution of the internal surface area in glassy carbon powder during thermochemical gas-phase oxidation is also presented and compared with experimental data. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the model. We found that a sharp particle size distribution is desirable with regard to potential technical applications. 相似文献
82.
S.F. Lee P. Lovenitti M.K. Lam S.H. Masood 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2002,20(3):180-189
This paper describes the design and development of a precision calliper system to measure the surface profile of an outboard
marine engine propeller blade. Several instruments that are commonly used for measuring the surface profile of a propeller
blade are reviewed in this paper. These include the pitch meter, the profilometer and the computer numerical control coordinate-measuring
machine (CNC-CMM). However, the operating practices and availability of different facilities in industry necessitate a more
cost-effective approach. An alternative method using a precision calliper system is therefore proposed. Details of the design
criteria, principles of operation and the testing and verification of the system are presented. The paper concludes that the
precision calliper system is a cost-effective method for measuring the surface profile of a propeller. 相似文献
83.
84.
An analysis of the thermodynamics of epitaxy in thin films is presented which includes the effects of the surface stresses
of the free surface and the film-substrate interface. It is shown that these effects, which are usually ignored in the theory
of epitaxy, can have a major influence on both the critical thickness for epitaxy and on the partitioning of the misfit strain
between the volume elastic strain and interface dislocations. 相似文献
85.
The energies of various steps on the As-terminated GaAs(001)-2 × 4 surface are evaluated using a novel, approximate method of “linear combination of structural motifs”. It is based on the observation that previous total energy minimizations of semiconductor surfaces produced invariably equilibrium structures made of the same recurring local structural motifs, e.g. tetrahedral fourfold Ga, pyramidal threefold As, etc. Furthermore, such surface structures were found to obey consistently the octet rules as applied to the local motifs. We thus express the total energy of a given semiconductor surface as a sum of (i) the energies M of the local structural motifs appearing in the surface under consideration and (ii) an electrostatic term representing the Madelung energy of point charges resulting from application of the octet rule. The motif energies are derived from a set of pseudopotential total energy calculations for flat GaAs(001) surfaces and for point defects in bulk GaAs. This set of parameters suffices to reproduce the energies of other (001) surfaces, calculated using the same pseudopotential total energy approach. Application to GaAs(001)-2 × 4 surfaces with steps reveals the following. (i) “Primitive steps”, defined solely according to their geometries (i.e. step heights, widths and orientations) are often unstable. (ii) Additional, non-geometric factors beyond step geometries such as addition of surface adatoms, creation of vacancies and atomic rebonding at step edges are important to lower step energies. So is step-step interaction. (iii) The formation of steps is generally endothermic. (iv) The formation of steps with edges parallel to the direction of surface As dimers (A steps) is energetically favored over the formation of steps whose edges are perpendicular to the As dimers (B steps). 相似文献
86.
Hydrothermal synthesis and in situ surface modification of boehmite nanoparticles in supercritical water 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
T. Mousavand S. Ohara M. Umetsu J. Zhang S. Takami T. Naka T. Adschiri 《The Journal of Supercritical Fluids》2007,40(3):397-401
In situ surface modification of boehmite (AlOOH) nanoparticles during hydrothermal synthesis in supercritical water was examined by adding CH3(CH2)4CHO and CH3(CH2)5NH2 as modifier reagents to the reactants. Changes in surface properties of the nanoparticles by surface modification was observed by FTIR, dispersion in solvents and TEM analyses, which demonstrated that reagents chemically binded onto the surface of the AlOOH nanoparticles. The results of SEM and TEM pictures show that the surface modification affects crystal growth and reduces the particle size and changes the morphology of the particles. 相似文献
87.
Ying Bai Yanfeng Yin Na Liu Bingkun Guo Hongjun Shi Jianyong Liu Zhaoxiang Wang Liquan Chen 《Journal of power sources》2007
As the continuance of our series study on LiCoO2 surface modification, the complicated traditional surface coating method is replaced with simple addition of amorphous YPO4 and Al2O3 in commercial LiCoO2 or in commercial electrolyte based on our understanding to the improvement mechanism of surface modification. Comprehensive studies by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) indicate that the products of spontaneous reaction between the additive and the LiPF6 based electrolyte are responsible for the performance improvements. 相似文献
88.
Hideo Sawada Sachiko HataNobuhito Kawasaki Jun-ichi IidzukaKentaro Tokugi Jun KyokaneTomomi Maekawa Tokuzo Kawase 《Polymer》2002,43(3):1035-1038
New fluoroalkyl end-capped fullerene cooligomers were prepared by the reactions of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with fullerene and comonomers such as acryloylmorpholine, N,N-dimethylacrylamide and acrylic acid. These fluorinated fullerene cooligomers were easily soluble in water and common organic solvents, and were able to reduce the surface tensions of both water and benzene, quite effectively. Additionally, these fullerene cooligomers were found to form a stable monomolecular film at the air-water interface, and the modified polystyrene surface treated with these cooligomers was shown to have a strong hydrophilicity with good oil repellency. 相似文献
89.
Several samples of exhaust diesel soot are investigated by inverse gas chromatography and linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) modelling according to their soluble organic fraction content and their time of exposure in oxidative conditions. The results demonstrate the evolution of the adsorptive properties of the studied materials towards volatile compounds during the oxidation under NO2. 相似文献
90.
《Drying Technology》2007,25(7):1237-1242
Rewarming of fruits and vegetables after cooling is characterized by heat and mass transfer processes, which leads commonly to condensation of water on the produce surface at temperatures below the dew point. This effect may affect the produce quality due to microbial growth at unfavorable environmental conditions. The amount of condensed water is a function of the produce surface temperature and of the surrounding conditions as air temperature, air humidity, and air flow. Under practical conditions, both the warming and the condensation are strongly affected by the packaging system used. Depending on the flow conditions close to the produce surface, parameters of heat and mass transfer under laboratory conditions were measured. A mathematical model was developed for the determination of the amount of condensed water on fruit surfaces, its reevaporation, and its total dwell time dependent on the environment air conditions. The model describes the heat and mass transfer processes on single fruits. The process of diffusion of humidity in air and proceed of surface temperature is the basis for the model. 相似文献