混合氧化物对等离子喷涂热障涂层热循环寿命的影响

采用梯度热循环试验与理论模型相结合的方式研究了混合氧化物对热障涂层寿命的影响。喷涂态热障涂层系统由Inconel 738基体、冷喷涂沉积的NiCoCrAlTaY粘结层(BC)及大气等离子喷涂制备的ZrO2+Y2O3(8%)陶瓷层组成。在1 150℃空气气氛条件下,经过保温20h制备了含有混合氧化物的涂层。每个热循环包括70s的加热,50s的保温及120s的压缩空气冷却。陶瓷层表面最高温度为1 150℃,此时250μm厚的陶瓷层隔热150℃。结果表明:涂层中存在混合氧化物时,其寿命显著降低,且涂层寿命降低程度与混合氧化物和α-Al2O3生长诱发的YSZ应变量,以及混合氧化物的覆盖率有关。与α-Al2O3相比,较高生长速率的混合氧化物易诱发YSZ产生较高的应变,过早地诱发涂层未结合界面扩展、合并,进而导致涂层快速失效。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层高温 TGO 的形成与生长研究

目的研究热障涂层(TBC)和纯粘结层(BC)在1100℃下的氧化动力学,探讨热障涂层中热生长氧化物(TGO)组织结构的演化规律。方法运用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)制备涂层,对比分析热障涂层和纯粘结层涂层在1100℃下等温氧化2,5,10,20,50,100,200,350 h后TGO的厚度变化,并对粘结层表面和热障涂层截面分别进行XRD和SEM分析。结果热障涂层和纯粘结层在1100℃下的氧化动力学均遵循抛物线规律,其氧化速率常数分别为0.344,0.354μm/h0.5。等温氧化5 h后,TGO的主要成分为α-Al2O3;随氧化时间的增加,生成Cr2O3、尖晶石、Co O和Ni O的混合氧化物;等温氧化100 h后,Co O消失,Ni O的含量减少,Cr2O3和尖晶石氧化物的含量增加;等温氧化350 h后,TGO中出现了裂纹,但涂层仍未剥落,TGO最终由顶层多孔的混合氧化物层和底层具有柱状晶结构的α-Al2O3层组成。结论顶层陶瓷层(TC)对热障涂层氧化速率常数的影响很小。TGO中α-Al2O3首先形成并以柱状结晶的方式生长,混合氧化物在α-Al2O3上形成,TGO生长速度逐渐变缓。     

热障涂层高温氧化生长应力预测

基于Clark氧化生长应变率理论和Wagner氧化模型给出了涂层高温生长应力公式,计算预测了热障涂层中氧化生长应力随时间的演化规律;利用光致发光分析技术对氧化层的应力进行了实验测试,并对两种结果进行了比较和分析。结果表明,本文给出的热障涂层高温氧化生长应力模型预测与实验结果符合     

Oxidation behaviour of CoNiCrAlY bond coats produced by plasma, HVOF and cold gas dynamic spraying

This paper examines and compares the microstructure and oxidation behaviour of CoNiCrAlY coatings manufactured by the APS, HVOF and CGDS deposition techniques. The coatings microstructural features were characterized by means of SEM and XRD analyses. Coating samples were then subjected to isothermal heat treatments at 1000 °C. Oxide growth rates were obtained from a series of mass gain measurements while oxide scale compositions were determined from SEM, XRD and EDS analyses. Results obtained in this study show that the as-sprayed CGDS and HVOF coatings exhibit similar microstructures, whereas the APS coating features high levels of visible defects and oxide content. Oxidation experiments revealed low oxide growth rates for both the CGDS and HVOF coatings as a result of low porosity and oxide content. The oxide scale on the CGDS and HVOF coatings after 100 h of oxidation were composed mainly of alumina without the presence of detrimental fast-growing mixed oxides. The presence of Cr₂O₃ and dispersed NiO was however also observed for the HVOF coating. As expected, the APS coating featured the onset of mixed oxides in the early stages of oxidation. From these results, it appears that potential improvements to the bond coat oxidation behaviour can be achieved using low-temperature processing methods such as CGDS.     

Simultaneous synthesis by spark plasma sintering of a thermal barrier coating system with a NiCrAlY bond coat

As-fabricated thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems generally consist of a superalloy substrate, a MCrAlY bond coat (M = Ni, Co, Fe), and a ceramic (usually partially stabilized zirconia) top coat. The conventional methods for producing the two coating layers generally derive from thermal spray and physical vapor deposition techniques. Thermal exposure leads to the formation of an additional layer: the thermally grown oxide (TGO) between the bond coat and top coat. In the present work, a TBC system is synthesized through the application of spark plasma sintering (SPS), which provides not only the opportunity to synthesize all three layers at once, but the process is quite rapid and can produce dense layers. More specifically, this paper describes the application of this method to an yttria-stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) top coat and a NiCrAlY bond coat on a Ni-base Hastelloy X substrate. A one-micron thick Al₂O₃ TGO layer is also created from the reaction between an Al foil layer inserted in the stack prior to sintering and the ZrO₂ in the top coat. The effects of select process conditions are considered. The resulting multi-layer system is characterized with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Differential thermal analysis (DTA) is used to investigate the reaction between the Al foil and the YSZ top coat.     

NiCoCrAlY粘结底层的高温氧化性能研究

采用增重法研究了NiCoCrAlY粘结底层的高温氧化性能,通过SEM、EDS等分析手段对高温氧化膜层TGO的显微形貌和组成进行了检测分析,初步探讨了TGO膜层的生长过程、生长机制以及热障涂层失效的影响因素。     

Characterization of isothermal and cyclic thermal damage of EB-PVD TBCs with the help of the 3D-DIC technique

The thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are working under complex elevated temperature loading conditions. In the present work, a damage model for the isothermal and cyclic thermal loads was developed to quantify the failure process of the coatings subjected to isothermal and cyclic thermal exposures. Effects of different damage mechanisms, such as thermal exposure, thermal cycling, aluminum migration, and thermal dwell times, were experimentally and computationally studied. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was introduced to evaluate degradation of TBCs. The complex damage can be quantified with the help of the DIC strain variations. The introduced model provides a general method to estimate the remaining life.     

用TGO软件实现GPX、KML数据格式转换

TGO是一款随机数据处理软件,具有界面友好、操作简单的特点。本文通过对GPX、KML数据格式文件结构的分析和归类,探索了使用随机的GPS数据处理软件TGO生成GPX、KML数据格式文件的方法,介绍了进行数据格式转换的具体流程,应用于测量工作以及取得的实际效果。     

基于TGO系统的地方坐标系约束平差解决方案

在GPS控制测量中,若未知地方独立坐标系的相关定义参数时,便不能进行约束平差而只能用坐标转换的方法来求取未知点的地方坐标,在TGO系统中用点校正来解决问题。基于此,对点校正问题进行了理论和实例分析,结合笔者应用TGO的经验,得出了一些在工程测量中有益的结论和建议。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层的热循环氧化行为研究

本文采用大气等离子喷涂在HA188合金基材上制备NiCrAlY+YSZ热障涂层，并进行了1100 oC、1120 oC和1150 oC三个温度点的高温循环氧化行为对比研究。结果表明，随着考核温度的升高，热障涂层热循环失效寿命显著下降，失效主要是由YSZ/NiCrAlY界面附近YSZ 层中裂纹形成和扩展导致。循环失效后的YSZ与制备态的相结构一样，均为非平衡四方相t"-ZrO2，未发生t"→c+m相变。在热循环过程中，YSZ/NiCrAlY界面形成的热生长氧化物层（Thermally Grown Oxide, TGO）增厚基本符合“抛物线”规律，并且YSZ中裂纹的产生和扩展与TGO的增厚直接相关。