Delamination of polymeric coatings on silidized iron

The delamination of polymeric coatings (pc) on iron and steel is a phenomena everybody knows e.g. from his rusting car. The damage caused by it costs the Western countries hundreds of millions Euro every year. Hence it is a very important task for the steel industry and also for scientists to improve the stability of the pc on iron and steel. The authors developed a new corrosion protection of iron by covering it with a thin layer of a‐SiO₂:Fe. An adhesion promoter sticks on top of it so that the pc adhers well. The delamination of the pc as function of the surface preparation (roughness, adhesion promoter) is described in this paper. The Scanning Kelvin Prove (SKP) is utilized to detect the delamination.     

Time-dependent characteristics of titanium-silicide contacts to 6H-silicon carbide

The processing conditions necessary to achieve low resistivity of the C54-TiSi₂ phase in contact with 6H-SiC are explored. This study demonstrates that an interlayer of Si between a Ti layer and the 6H-SiC substrate suppresses the formation of TiC, and that a metallization consisting of either Ti-rich or Si-rich silicide phases may be chosen. When the Ti-to-Si layer thickness ratio is 1:3, the C54-TiSi₂ and TiSi phases are observed following a 600°C/30 min and an 850°C/30 min annealing cycle. When the Ti-to-Si layer thickness ratio is 1:1, Ti₅Si₃ and TiSi phases are observed following the same annealing cycle. Time-dependent, in-situ resistance measurements are rationalized in terms of these microstructural developments. The Ti₅Si₃/TiSi structure is demonstrated to have a resistivity of 239 μΩ·cm, whereas the TiSi₂/TiSi structure has a resistivity of only 23 μΩ·cm. Explanations for different microstructures observed are presented.     

激光熔覆Ni-Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层显微组织与耐蚀性

以Ni,Si,Cr元素粉末为原料 ,利用激光熔覆技术在A3钢表面制得了Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层。分析了该涂层的显微组织 ,采用测定阳极极化曲线的方法评价了该涂层在 0 .5mol/LH2 SO4 及 3 .5 %NaCl水溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明 :激光熔覆Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层组织由Ni2 Si初生胞状树枝晶及枝晶间少量FeNi/Ni31Si12 共晶组成 ,涂层表面平整、组织细小、与基体间为完全冶金结合 ;涂层组织显微硬度在HV80 0～ 95 0之间且沿层深分布均匀 ;由于涂层组织组成相Ni2 Si和Ni31Si12 等本身均具有很好的耐蚀性并具有快速凝固细小均匀的显微组织 ,激光熔覆Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层在 0 .5mol/LH2 SO4 及 3.5 %NaCl水溶液中均表现出优良的耐蚀性能。激光熔覆Ni Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层可望成为一种很有发展前景的耐蚀涂层新材料。     

Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料的开发研究

Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料极具替代现有镍基超合金作为未来飞行器发动机超高温部件材料的潜力。本研究采用反应热压烧结、反应放电等离子烧结等粉末冶金技术及氩弧熔炼技术制备了多种成分的Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料 ,并对其组织形态、高温强度及室温塑性进行了考察。结果表明 :两种粉末法制得的复合材料具有类似的显微组织 ,即Nb固溶体与硅化物两相均呈现等轴状晶粒分布。合金元素Mo、W对烧结组织形貌无明显影响 ,但可改变凝固过程Nb5Si3的析出机制 ,从而优化氩弧熔炼合金的组织形态。粉末合金保持较高高温强度 ,并具有较高室温塑性。熔炼材料的高温强度远高于粉末合金 ,其中Nb 16Si 10Mo 15W合金 16 0 0℃时的压缩屈服强度高达50 0MPa。     

Oxidation behavior of magnetron sputtered double layer coatings containing molybdenum,silicon and boron

Protective coating systems were applied to Mo–9Si–8B (at.%) alloys to prevent oxidation at elevated temperatures. The coatings produced by magnetron sputtering and subsequent annealing consisted of an outer oxidation protection layer and an interlayer between this and the substrate. Three amorphous outer layers with different compositions were deposited: Mo–45Si–25B, Mo–55Si–10B and Mo–29Si–15B (all in at.%). The interlayer was selected to give a diffusion barrier with the composition of the Mo₅SiB₂ (T2) phase. All coatings were dense and well-adherent. During vacuum annealing the amorphous as-deposited coatings became crystalline exhibiting mainly the intermetallic Mo₅SiB₂ compound as interlayer and the MoSi₂, Mo₅Si₃ and MoB phases in the top layers. The samples were exposed to dry laboratory air in the pesting regime at 800 °C and above, i.e. at 1000 and 1300 °C for up to 100 h under cyclic conditions. All coatings were protective at 800 and 1000 °C for at least 100 h and showed a marked improvement in mass change compared to the uncoated substrate. For protection at 800 °C higher boron content is preferential, while at higher oxidation temperatures a lower boron content provides improved oxidation protection. At 1300 °C stress induced failures like cracking, spallation and buckling occurred due to the relatively high CTE mismatch between PVD coating and substrate. Even though, the mass change was still markedly reduced as compared to the bare substrate.     

Microstructure and properties of intermetallic composite coatings fabricated by selective laser melting of Ti–SiC powder mixtures

Transition metal silicides and carbides are attractive advanced materials possessing unique combinations of physical and mechanical properties. However, conventional synthesis of bulk intermetallics is a challenging task because of their high melting point. In the present research, titanium carbides and silicides composites were fabricated on the titanium substrate by a selective laser melting (SLM) of Ti–(20,30,40 wt.%)SiC powder mixtures by an Ytterbium fiber laser with 1.075 μm wavelength, operating at 50 W power, with the laser scanning speed of 120 mm/s. Phase analysis of the fabricated coatings showed that the initial powders remelted and new multiphase structures containing TiC_x, Ti₅Si₃C_x, TiSi₂ and SiC phases in situ formed. Investigation of the microstructure revealed two main types of inhomogeneities in the composites, (i) SiC particles at the interlayer interfaces and, (ii) chemical segregation of the elements in the central areas of the tracks. It was suggested and experimentally proven that an increase in laser power to 80 W was an efficient way to improve the laser penetration depth and the mass transport in the liquid phase, and therefore, to fabricate more homogeneous composite. The SLM Ti–(20,30,40 wt.%)SiC composites demonstrated high hardness (11–17 GPa) and high abrasive wear resistance (3.99 × 10⁻⁷–9.51 × 10⁻⁷ g/Nm) properties, promising for the applications involving abrasive wear.     

High temperature oxidation response of Al/Ce doped Mo–Si–B composites

A systematic investigation has been performed to study the oxidation response of Mo₇₆Si₁₄B₁₀ alloy doped with traceable amount of Ce and Al at temperature in the range of 900–1300 °C. The resistance to degradation of Mo₇₆Si₁₄B₁₀ ≥ 900 °C has increased due to the dissociation of Mo-oxides into Mo in protective glassy borosilicate layer. Addition of Ce aggrieves oxidation initially, but protection is achieved upon exposure within 3 h at all the different temperatures. No passivation has occurred in Al containing alloy due to the dissolution of Al₂O₃ in the borosilicate scale leading to the precipitation of aluminum-borate and mullite along with unreacted cristoballite.     

Self-assembled growth of MnSi~1.7 nanowires with a single orientation and a large aspect ratio on Si(110) surfaces

MnSi_~1.7 nanowires (NWs) with a single orientation and a large aspect ratio have been formed on a Si(110) surface with the molecular beam epitaxy method by a delicate control of growth parameters, such as temperature, deposition rate, and deposition time. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was employed to study the influence of these parameters on the growth of NWs. The supply of free Si atoms per unit time during the silicide reaction plays a critical role in the growth kinetics of the NWs. High growth temperature and low deposition rate are favorable for the formation of NWs with a large aspect ratio. The orientation relationship between the NWs and the reconstruction rows of the Si(110) surface suggests that the NWs grow along the 11¯0 direction of the silicon substrate. High-resolution STM and backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy images indicate that the NWs are composed of MnSi_~1.7.     

Addressing high processing temperatures in reactive melt infiltration for multiphase ceramic composites

Approaches for addressing the high processing temperatures required in reactive melt infiltration (RMI) processing of state-of-the-art multiphase ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are reviewed. Ultra-high temperature ceramic composites can be realised by reactive melt infiltration of silicon, transition metals and/or alloys designed as immiscible phases, miscible phases, silicide phases and/or silicide eutectics to lower the temperature required for RMI. Whether carbides, borides or nitrides are envisaged in the resultant ceramic matrix composite, RMI presents an optimization challenge of balancing the composition of the phases incorporated and the processing temperature to be used. Current efforts aim at preparing complex and homogeneous microstructure preforms prior to RMI, minimising damage to reinforcing phases, applying rapid heating techniques, and developing in situ real-time monitoring systems during RMI. Future opportunities include integration of additive manufacturing and RMI, the increased use of process modelling and the application of in situ alongside in operando characterization techniques.