翻译转换理论在石油化工英语翻译中的应用

对石油化工文本的英译汉研究,有利于将国外最新技术成果带回国内,以供国内学者学习与借鉴。基于卡特福德的翻译转换理论,通过典型案例研究,提出适合该类文本的翻译方法,以期为从事该类的译者提供借鉴,提高该类文本翻译准确性,并为技术交流提供语言服务。     

词义空缺与翻译

词义民族性的表现形式之一是许多词在其它语言中没有对应词。对这些词的翻译应该本着传达原语的民族文化气质,同时重视发挥译语优势的原则,根据译语读者的文化认知水平和翻译实践的具体需要,分别采用直译、意译、释义法、音译、音兼意译和音译加脚注法等形式把它们转换成另一种语言。     

On the choice of spatial and categorical scale in remote sensing land cover classification

Our interest in this paper is on the choice of spatial and categorical scale, and their interaction, in creating classifications of land cover from remotely sensed measurements. We note that in discussing categorical scale, the concept of spatial scale naturally arises, and in discussing spatial scale, the issue of aggregation of measurements must be considered. Therefore, and working towards an ultimate goal of producing multiscale, multigranular characterizations of land cover, we address here successively and in a cumulative fashion the topics of (1) aggregation of measurements across multiple scales, (2) adaptive choice of spatial scale, and (3) adaptive choice of categorical scale jointly with spatial scale. We show that the use of statistical finite mixture models with groups of original pixel-scale measurements, at successive spatial scales, offers improved pixel-wise classification accuracy as compared to the commonly used technique of label aggregation. We then show how a statistical model selection strategy may be used with the finite mixture models to provide a data-adaptive choice of spatial scale, varying by location (i.e., multiscale), from which classifications at least as accurate as those of any single spatial scale may be achieved. Finally, we extend this paradigm to allow for jointly adaptive selection of spatial and categorical scale. Our emphasis throughout is on the empirical quantification of the role of the various elements above, and a comparison of their performance with standard methods, using various artificial landscapes. The methods proposed in this paper should be useful for a variety of scale-related land cover classification tasks.     

Dynamics modelling and control of the 3-RCC translational platform

The article presents the inverse dynamics model of a novel translating parallel machine and proposes the structure of a force controller for the execution of tasks characterised by interaction with the environment. The task space model of machine’s dynamics is obtained in an efficient and compact form by means of the principle of virtual work. A virtual prototyping environment has been set up to test by computer simulation the potential of such kinematic architecture: the resulting dynamics is rather poor, mainly due to the high moving masses, but it is shown that hybrid position/force control schemes should be able to provide good performances, including the case of rather difficult operations, such as the peg-in-hole assembly.     

关于油气储量翻译的建议

随着我国油气工业的国际交往日益增加，以及海外油气勘探开发作业的范围和领域不断扩大，专业翻译作为国际交往的工具，其重要性是不言而喻的。过去由于我国的储量分类标准与西方国家的储量分类标准有较大的差异，因而在各类储量的翻译上常常会造成很大的误解，影响了国际交往的顺利进行。我国新颁布的储量分类标准（GB/T 19492-2004）对原来的分类标准进行了修改，并增加了与国际接轨的储量分类的内容。这无疑有利于石油工业的国际交往。鉴于目前我国的储量分类标准尚未完全与国际接轨，根据我国各类储量的定义和西方国家的定义，将大体相同的类别对应起来，而对我国特有的类别，也提出了我们的翻译建议。目的是使这些术语能尽量反映所对应类别的内涵，而不至与其他类别混淆，引起误解。     

EBMT by tree-phrasing

This article presents an attempt to build a repository storing associations between simple syntactic dependency treelets in a source language and their corresponding phrases in a target language. We assess the usefulness of this resource in two different settings. First, we show that it improves upon a standard subsentential translation memory. Second, we observe improvements in translation quality when a standard statistical phrase-based translation engine is augmented with the ability to exploit such a repository.     

也谈英译汉中的理解问题

本文从语言知识、背景知识及科学知识三个方面,阐明了英译汉中正确透彻的理解是表达的先决条件这一观点。     

论本科翻译测试题型设计要义

近年来我国翻译学科的建设日趋完善,但关于翻译测试的研究却明显滞后。为解决传统翻译考试中题型单一,主观因素过多等问题,文章以翻译方向的《翻译理论与实践》课程为例,通过对正误判断、译文选择、单句技巧翻译、语境中的短语翻译、段落多种译文评析和段落划线部分翻译等本科翻译测试题型的分析,来说明理想的翻译测试题型设计的要义,即:应当有效地覆盖教学内容,主、客观题型比例适中;既考语言基本功,又能反映考生语境翻译能力;开发创造性思维,指导促进翻译教学革新。     

流行语翻译中的文化再现

针对网络时代的网络语存在和流行的客观事实,探讨了这些流行语中呈现的文化现象和进行翻译时应该遵循的原则,并对网络流行语进行了分类,探讨了相关翻译原则与技巧。