分光光度法测定矿石、渣及溶液中的铀

用Br-PADAP分光光度法测定矿石，渣及水相中的铀。对液体试样，采用微量取样技术直接测定；矿石及渣，采用TRPO萃取、微量取样测定。本方法快速、准确，满足了生产上的要求。     

充满希望的铀工业迈向新世纪

进入新世纪，世界核电容量将持续增长。铀的供应虽有不定因素，但市场已趋紧张，一些主要铀生产国家近年逐步增产并加快建设新铀矿。近几年，中国核电发展取得了重大突破，铀工业的调整已经完成。为满足核电在跨入新世纪后的需求，铀生产必将稳步增长。     

铀矿工矽肺合并结核情况的调查

利用寿命表法、Kaplan-Meier法及Cox回归法对1259例具有Ⅰ期矽肺诊断史合并结核的患者的影响因素进行分析。结果表明,矽肺合并结核可增加矽肺患者的死亡率,影响矽肺并发结核的主要因素有接尘工龄、工种、初诊为矽肺的年龄及初诊期次。     

Immobilization of uranium in cristobalite ceramic through adsorption on mesoporous SBA-15 and further sintering process

The development of an adsorbent which can be easily transformed into stable ceramic waste forms through a simple route is necessary for the treatment of the radioactive wastewater. Herein, we report on the immobilization of uranium in cristobalite ceramic through adsorption on mesoporous SBA-15 and further sintering process. The mesoporous SBA-15 with short pore length was synthesized and employed to remove uranium from aqueous solution. Subsequently, the SBA-15 with adsorbed U (U/SBA-15) was solidified by sintering. The effects of sintering temperature and U content on the structure, densification and aqueous durability of the obtained cristobalite ceramic waste forms were investigated. The results indicate that the U/SBA-15 can be transformed into stable cristobalite ceramic after sintering at 1100–1400 °C for 6 h. Furthermore, all the obtained cristobalite ceramic waste forms exhibit good aqueous durability (∼10⁻⁴ g m^-2 d^-1). This work demonstrates a potential route and adsorbent to dispose the radioactive wastewater.     

Comparative evaluation of extraction of tetra- and hexa-valent neptunium ions by CMPO in a room temperature ionic liquid

ABSTRACT

Solvent extraction studies were performed to understand the extraction behavior of Np⁴⁺ and NpO₂ ²⁺ from acidic feeds with CMPO (octyl (phenyl)-N,N-diisobutyl carbamoyl methyl phosphine oxide) dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide, a water immiscible ionic liquid. Slope analyses on the distribution data revealed the extraction of ML₂ type species, where M = Np⁴⁺ or NpO₂ ²⁺, and L = CMPO. Studies were also carried out with Pu⁴⁺ and UO₂ ²⁺ under identical conditions. The nature of the extracted species was found to vary with the nature of the ionic species.     

Recovery of oxalate from scrubbing solution containing rare earths and iron produced during uranium recovery from phosphoric acid

A solution containing oxalate complexes of rare earths, yttrium and iron (III) is obtained during the processing of wet process phosphoric acid for uranium recovery by solvent extraction. A process is described to recover oxalic acid from such a solution. The process is based on the conversion of iron (III) oxalate into calcium oxalate by calcium chloride followed by the metathesis of calcium oxalate with sulphuric acid to produce calcium sulphate and free oxalic acid. Data is presented to illustrate the influence of various parameters such as pH, temperature, digestion time and amount of calcium chloride on effective conversion of calcium oxalate. Under optimized conditions of pH 1, digestion time 2 h, twice the stoichiometric ratio of calcium chloride at ambient temperature (30±1°C) the recovery of calcium oxalate was found to be >94%. An overall schematic material balance flow -sheet for treating the oxalate solution of rare earths, yttrium and iron (III) to oxalic acid recovery has been presented. An improvement in the second cycle of patented process flow-sheet based on 1.5 M D2EHPA + 0.2 M TBP incorporating oxalic acid scrubbing / recycle for uranium recovery from phosphoric acid has been tested and found to be simple in terms of operations and capable of meeting product specifications..     

多级结构Ni-Co-LDH的制备及其吸附U(VI)的行为与机理

以ZIF-67为模板,原位水解制备多级结构Ni-Co-LDH。研究了吸附时间、溶液pH、温度及U(VI)初始浓度对吸附U(VI)性能的影响,并分析了吸附U(VI)前后Ni-Co-LDH微观结构、表面形貌和含氧基团的变化情况,阐明了Ni-Co-LDH对U(VI)的吸附机理。结果表明：pH是影响吸附的主要因素,吸附最佳pH为5.0,在该条件下,饱和容量最大的吸附剂为Ni-Co-LDH-180,其吸附容量达到1135.30 mg/g。Ni-Co-LDH-180吸附U(VI)过程与假二级动力学模型及Langmuir吸附等温线模型吻合,且该吸附过程是一个自发吸热过程。Ni-Co-LDH-180在含Ca2+、Mg2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、CO32-等杂质离子的混合溶液中对U(VI)具有较好的选择性。Ni-Co-LDH-180高效吸附U(VI)主要归功于其表面的Ni-OH、Co-OH和Ni-O-Co基团。     

生物湿法冶金在铀矿处理中的应用

本文简要地介绍了生物湿法冶金应用于铀矿加工的进展,并提供了自行设计的生物膜氧化溶液中亚铁的装置,和几种细菌浸出方法及其试验数据。表明了菌液浸出→351叔胺树脂吸附→生物膜氧化溶液中亚铁装置的生物湿法冶金提铀流程,对于处理硅酸盐型原生矿的表内矿石,有更高的经济价值。并展望了生物湿法冶金应用于溶液采矿的前景。     

1例急性铀中毒案例的33年医学随访

本文报道对1例硝酸铀酰复合烧伤致急性铀中毒案例进行了33年的医学随访,以观察和研究人体急性铀中毒后的远期效应。随访期间研究观察的内容：①主诉症状和其尿铀检测;②临床实验室检查：外周血像及骨髓像,肾功能,肝功能,对细胞遗传学的影响,用放免分析方法检测甲状腺、肾上腺的内分泌功能,免疫功能检查包括细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能,代谢功能检查包括糖耐量试验、胰岛素释放试验、脂代谢,细胞化学检查包括淋巴细胞糖元和粒细胞碱性磷酸酶,神经系统损伤效应,心肺等功能检查;③L的生育能力和遗传效应,及对其子女的随访。结果表明：外周血及骨髓功能正常;肾功能基本恢复;肝功能正常;淋巴细胞染色体畸变率检有染色体型畸变和染色单体畸变;细胞遗传学检查有环状体、双着丝粒体及断片等染色体型畸变,还有以单体断片和碎片为主的染色单体畸变;其他检查如甲状腺、肾上腺内分泌功能,细胞和体液免疫功能,代谢功能检查、淋巴细胞糖元和粒细胞碱磷酶检查基本正常;生育能力未受影响,子女体质差,疾病易感性高、抗病毒能力差;儿子不育,女儿妊娠期胎儿发育不良。     

修复铀污染土壤超积累植物的筛选及积累特征研究

采用土壤盆栽试验,以十字花科、锦葵科、菊科共十种植物为研究材料,在100 mg/kg铀浓度土壤环境中培养55 d后收割,采用ICP-AES分析方法测定植物地上部分和根部铀的含量.结果表明:试验的十种植物中,特选榨菜地上部分铀含量最高(1115 mg/kg干重),艾蒿地上部分铀提取量最大(1113μg/盆);泡青菜和特选榨菜地上部分铀含量高于根部,迁移系数、生物富集系数均大于1,这两种植物地上部分均有较高的铀提取量,适合推荐作为铀超积累植物进行植物修复.