Pechini法制备的CeO2纳米晶的晶化动力学

通过Pechini法制备CeO2粉末.XRD分析表明,该粉末在300℃下煅烧1 h后成为纳米晶体.用DT-40热分析仪研究其晶化过程,在热分析过程中,CeO2的晶化过程符合Kissinger方程,计算得到其相变激活能为86.42 kJ/mol,且其晶化过程所需能量比固相法的晶化过程所需能量显著降低.根据Qzawa方程得到,在250℃下Avrami指数n为1.5,频率因子为1.75×108.并由此推断该反应机理的形核过程为长程扩散控制型生长(初期阶段),从小尺寸开始的各种形状的生长形核率随时间下降.     

真空电弧涂镀TiN膜中宏观颗粒的电镜分析

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）分析了真空电弧沉积ＴｉＮ膜中宏观颗粒（ＭＰ）的形态，并对观察结果给出了理论解释。电镜分析表明，ＴｉＮ膜中ＭＰ的形态与其粒径有关，粒径大的呈椭球形，粒径小的呈圆球形；ＭＰ与膜层之间有微小孔隙。理论分析表明，形成ＭＰ的液滴在飞行中温度降低的幅度是决定其形态的主要因素。     

SiC颗粒增强锌基复合材料硬度的研究

本文研究了热处理条件对ＳｉＣ／Ｚｎ基复合材料硬度的影响，分析了循环等温处理过程中复合材料硬度的变化规律，并讨论了复合材料组分、温度以及热处理条件与该复合材料硬度特性的关系，提出了改善这类复合材料硬度的途径。     

SiO2微粉分形分布对超薄切割砂轮片拉伸性能的影响

在研究利用光敏树脂快速成型工艺制作超薄切割砂轮片时，发现往光敏树脂中添加适量的SiO2微粉，光敏树脂的拉伸强度明显增加。添加的SiO2微粉的用量的不同，在光敏树脂中形成的分形分布不同，对光固化成型后的超薄切割砂轮片的拉伸强度有不同的影响。本文通过研究SiO2微粉在光敏树脂中分布特征，根据分形理论，用分形维来描述其分布特征及其对光敏树脂光固化成型后的超薄切割砂轮片的拉伸性能的影响。     

纳米粒子对钢/钢摩擦副摩擦学性能影响的试验研究

选用合成极压蜗杆油、未加油性剂和极压剂的半成品蜗杆油作为基础试验油 ,将超微金刚石粉、纳米铁粒子和纳米铜粒子分别以两种不同质量比分散到半成品蜗杆油中。在 MM-2 0 0型磨损实验机上 ,考察纳米粒子的抗磨减摩性 ,并与传统的油性剂、极压剂进行比较。同时探索应用于钢 /钢副硬齿面的新型抗磨减摩添加剂。试验结果发现 :平均粒径尺寸为 5 nm的超微金刚石粉具有优于传统油性剂、极压剂的抗磨减摩性能 ,可以大大降低钢 /钢副的摩擦 ,减小磨损。但钢 /钢副中不宜使用含有纳米铁粒子的润滑油。     

微粒渗滤沉积作用对铜矿排土场渗流特性的影响

针对排土场堆浸过程中微粒渗滤沉积作用对矿堆孔隙率的影响，建立微细颗粒沉积和堆体渗流数学模型。在一维条件下，利用有限差分法对模型进行理论计算，并通过实验进行验证，结果表明：微粒的渗滤沉积降低浸堆的孔隙率，增大溶液的渗透阻力；在常流量动水头条件下，渗滤沉积首先发生在模型注液端的20cm以内，沿渗流方向上，流体压力随时间延长而增大；在常水头条件下，随时间的推移，渗流速度逐渐降低，表明堆体的渗透性降低，与排土场浸堆实际情况相符。因此，应采取必要的技术措施，防止微粒渗滤沉积，这对于改善堆体的渗透性和提高浸出率，具有重要的意义。     

Effect of gas composition on cementite decomposition and coke formation on iron

Cementite decomposition and coke formation in the metal dusting process of iron were investigated at 700 °C in CO-H₂-H₂O gas mixtures. The presence of graphite deposited on the surface initiates the decomposition of cementite into iron and graphite. The morphology of the reaction products varies with gas composition. For CO concentrations less than 5 vol%, particles of iron or even closed iron layers have been observed at the cementite/graphite interface. With increasing CO content the amount of iron in the interface decreases. At CO concentrations higher than 30 vol%, iron could not be detected at the interface by optical microscopy. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows that the rate of carbon take-up increases with increasing CO concentration reaching a maximum at about 60-75 vol%.The morphologies of graphite in the coke layer can be identified as three types: porous graphite clusters with embedded iron-containing particles, compact bulk graphite with a uniform thickness and a columnar layered structure, and filamentous carbon with iron-containing phases at the tip or along its length. For gas mixtures with low CO concentrations, e.g. 5 vol%, porous graphite clusters are the main form of carbon although filamentous carbon can be seen at the early stage of reaction. With increasing CO concentrations to, e.g. 30 vol%, a compact bulk graphite is formed on the top of the surface. Under this compact graphite, there is an inner layer of graphite which is the combination of porous graphite clusters and filaments. These two layers of graphite are clearly distinguishable when CO content reaches more than 75 vol%. In this case, the main form of graphite in the inner layer is filamentous carbon. The compact graphite layer suffers a serious deformation and forms many cracks because of the growth of catalytic filamentous carbon underneath. These filaments grow outside from compact graphite crevices and finally cover the whole surface. The higher the CO content in the gas, the more the tendency of filamentous carbon formation. The interplay between morphologies of carbon formation and metal dusting has been discussed.     

Characterization of in situ synthesized TiC particle reinforced Fe-based composite coatings produced by multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process

In this paper, in situ synthesized TiC particles reinforced Fe-based surface composite coatings by multi-pass overlapping gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) melting process employing a proper amount of graphite and ferrotitanium (FeTi) on AISI 1020 steel substrate was produced. The microstructure and wear properties of the composite coatings were investigated by means of an electron microprobe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffractometer and wear tester. The results showed that the multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting surface composite coatings can be obtained under suitable welding parameters, and no crack and porosity are found in the tracks. The X-ray and EPMA results confirm that TiC particles can be formed via reaction of FeTi and graphite during multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process. TiC particles present cubic and dendrite shape in the non-overlapping zone. It is found that there occurred TiC particles coarsening at the overlap regions, which can lead to detrimental effects on the hardness and wear performance. Composite coatings give a high hardness and excellent wear resistance; and the wear friction coefficient of the coating is less than that of the 1020 steel. As a result, multi-pass overlapping GTAW melting process can be used effectively for producing surface composite coatings with a pre-placed powder to improve wear resistance of the AISI 1020 steel.     

金精矿矿浆电解过程中矿粒及Fe(Ⅱ)的阳极氧化

研究了在云南元阳金精矿矿浆电解过程中 ,矿粒及Fe(Ⅱ )在石墨阳极上氧化过程动力学 ,测绘了矿粒及Fe(Ⅱ )在石墨阳极上的极化曲线 ,发现矿粒的阳极氧化分为 3个阶段。研究了各种因素对Fe(Ⅱ )阳极氧化电流密度的影响 ,并求出Fe(Ⅱ )阳极氧化过程的动力学参数 ,在 2 5～ 2 8℃时 ,i0 在 ( 3 1 6～ 6)× 1 0 - 5A·cm- 2 之间 ,k为 4 37× 1 0 - 1 2 ～ 1×1 0 - 8cm·s- 1 。     

关于雾霾污染的现状及治理方案的探讨＊

雾霾是雾与霾的混合物,雾霾湿度相对较大时,雾所占的成分居多;而在相对湿度为80%～90%时,霾所占的比例较大。在雾霾天气下,人们在室外的能见度特别低,给行车出行带来很大的不便,同时,还会给人们的健康带来严重的威胁。主要对雾霾污染的现状进行了分析,并重点提出治理雾霾污染的有效方案。