低温烧结纳米掺杂Ag-SnO_2电接触合金放电性能研究

利用化学共沉淀、高能球磨技术及热压烧结等方法制备出Fe掺杂纳米复合Ag-SnO2电接触合金,测定了纳米复合电接触合金密度、硬度、电阻率、耐电压强度、耐烧蚀性等基本物理性能,运用扫描电镜(SEM)对电性能测试前后组织进行观察分析。结果发现,Fe元素的加入,细化了纳米SnO2;Fe掺杂含量越多,纳米氧化物粒度越小,纳米复合电接触合金组织也越细小均匀,纳米复合电接触材料硬度、电阻率、平均耐电压强度和电弧寿命上升,截流值降低;且Fe掺杂对纳米复合电接触合金电弧烧蚀速率有明显影响。     

钼铜扩散焊接接头界面显微组织

采用扩散焊接方法对钼铜异种材料进行了焊接,研究了直接焊接和加镍作为中间层焊接对焊接接头界面显微组织的影响,通过SEM、EDS、EPMA、XRD等测试方法对其显微结构进行了表征.结果表明,直接焊接时,焊接界面结合紧密,Mo、Cu原子之间相互扩散形成扩散层,接头断裂发生在扩散层,由于柯肯达尔效应作用,在铜侧形成少量孔洞,孔洞的存在使焊接接头性能降低;加镍中间层焊接时,接头抗拉强度高于直接焊接时抗拉强度,Mo/Ni和Ni/Cu界面结合紧密,Mo/Ni界面形成固溶体层,接头断裂发生在Mo/Ni界面处,断口呈典型的脆性断裂特征.     

Ag/LaNixCo1-xO3触点材料的制备及电接触性能研究

本文运用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法合成了双钙钛矿型LaNixCo1-xO3(LNCO)纳米材料,利用粉末冶金和热挤压技术制备了相应的Ag/LNCO触点材料及元件样品。重点考察了不同Ni、Co含量对Ag/LNCO触点材料微观结构、物相组成、物理性能、力学性能及电寿命服役能力的影响,对其电弧侵蚀失效行为进行了研究,并与SnO2粉体增强Ag基触点材料进行对比。结果表明:溶胶凝胶法合成的LNCO纳米颗粒粒径为20-30 nm,经粉末冶金工艺制备的Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料电学性能和电寿命都优于Ag/SnO2触点材料,其电阻率低至2.10 μΩ?cm,电寿命性能达到51287次。表明Ag/LaNi0.5Co0.5O3触点材料性能较佳,是一种可以取代Ag/CdO的新型触点材料。     

OCr18Ni24Mo6N奥氏体焊缝金属循环塑性变形的力学本构关系

针对OCr18Ni24Mo6N奥氏体焊缝金属开展了系列应变幅的循环加载试验,并分析了循环应力应变特性.结果表明:循环塑性变形条件下表观弹性模量随应变幅的增大呈线性降低特点;循环塑性应变显著降低屈服强度,且屈服强度随应变幅的增大呈线性降低特点;塑性变形段的真应力和真应变塑性分量满足单对数强化弹塑性本构关系,并建立了OCr18Ni24 Mo6N奥氏体焊缝金属循环应力应变本构方程.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢输油管道开裂原因分析

通过化学成分分析、宏观检验、金相检验和断口分析等方法对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢液压油输送管道开裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:不锈钢管开裂为应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹起源于管道外壁并逐渐向内壁扩展;产生开裂的主要原因是工业水中氯、硫和氧等腐蚀性物质不断在钢管外壁沉积,在管道压力和腐蚀介质共同作用下,不锈钢管发生应力腐蚀开裂。     

Characterisation and intrinsic magnetic resonance properties of nickel nanoparticles

Nickel nanoparticles have been extensively characterised by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy. AFM underestimates the particle size compared to SEM measurements. It is shown that Raman spectroscopy can detect the nanometre-thick NiO layer on the particles having frequency shifts of the modes indicative of phonon confinement. The magnetic properties of the particles are studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of magnetic field aligned particles. The alignment is achieved by suspending the particles in the liquid crystal MBBA and freezing the liquid in a 0.4 T DC magnetic field. The in-field solidification locks the direction of maximum magnetisation of the particles parallel to the direction of the applied DC magnetic field. This removes the effects of dynamical particle fluctuations of the nanoparticles on the magnetic properties allowing a study of the intrinsic magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles. The intensity of the FMR signal decreased with lowering temperature for the particles frozen in the liquid in a 0.4 T DC magnetic field. The effect is suggested to be due to a reduction of the microwave skin depth with lowering temperature.     

Influence of chromium on microstructure and etching behaviour of new Ni–Fe–Al based alloy

In the present study, the influence of chromium on the microstructure and etching behaviour of the polycrystalline alloy Ni–13Fe–8Al–4Ti (at-%) has been examined. The alloy was recently designed for nanomembrane fabrication, but although it showed the necessary γ/γ′ microstructure with cubic, well aligned γ′ precipitates, it proved to be unsuitable for nanomembrane fabrication as the γ matrix was dissolved during chemical etching. To obtain the passivation of the γ matrix, chromium has been added in further modifications containing 1, 2, 3 and 4 at-% chromium. Moreover, the influence of heat treatment and the different cooling rates of heat treatment in air/vacuum have been investigated. For chemical phase extraction, the application of the chemical etchants MoO₃ acid and ‘G’ etchant has been examined, the formability was characterised by Vickers hardness testing. The main purpose of the present study, namely the passivation of the γ matrix, could be achieved by the addition of 4 at-% chromium and etching with ‘G’ etchant.     

添加Ni箔中间层的Mg-Al扩散焊接接头界面结构和力学性能

采用扩散焊接工艺,通过添加Ni箔中间层对镁铝异种金属进行焊接。利用无损检测、电子探针、扫描电镜、万能材料试验机研究了Mg/Ni/Al焊接接头界面的组织结构和力学性能。结果表明:Ni箔中间层可以有效阻止界面处Mg,Al元素的相互扩散,接头界面处没有生成Mg-Al金属间化合物。在焊接温度440℃,保温时间90min时,接头抗剪强度达到最大值20.5MPa。Mg/Ni/Al接头由Al,Ni和Mg,Ni的相互扩散形成,接头界面形成Al-Ni过渡区和Mg-Ni过渡区,界面主要物相分别为Al3Ni2,Al3Ni和Mg2Ni,过渡区厚度随焊接温度升高而增加。     

掺镧改性钛酸钡纳米多晶粉体的制备和表征

以La(Oac)3,Ba(Oac)2,Ti(On-Bu)4为起始物，采用共溶-水凝胶法制备掺镧改性钛酸钡纳米晶粉体LaxBa1-xTiO3(x=0.00,005,0.10,0.20,0.30)，利用正交试验对制备溶胶的主要工艺进行优化：溶胶是由总浓度为0.7mol/L的起始物逐步滴入蒸馏水进行共溶水解而得，其介质为氨水调节的pH=3.8和70℃醋酸。将溶胶陈化和浓缩而得湿凝胶，干凝胶是将湿凝胶在烘箱中经50℃/24处理而得。对干凝胶及其焙烧粉体进行了七项特性表征：首先取少量干凝胶进行TG-DTG和FT-IR测试，以确定焙烧温度范围和历程；然后另取一部分干凝胶在该温度范围内的不同温度点上焙烧，以便制得系列粉体试样，对其进行FT-IR、SRD、SEM、EDS、TEM及LRS表征，以比较各试样的晶相成、原始晶粒尺寸、晶格常数及其四方相畸变度δ（即晶轴比c/a）、团粒形貌及微区金属元素含量等并从中优选工艺，探讨共溶-水凝胶过程及掺镧改性机理等。