Surface-directed spinodal decomposition in a stressed, two-dimensional, thin film

Two-dimensional simulations of the spinodal decomposition of self-stressed, binary thin films using a Cahn-Hilliard model are presented. Two different sets of mechanical boundary conditions are considered, and compositional strains for a cubic-anisotropic system under plane strain are treated. A composition-dependent interaction energy is assumed at the free surface. Numerical solution of the coupled Cahn-Hilliard and elastic equilibrium equations are obtained using an efficient nonlinear multigrid method. Results of simulations show that, for large enough compositional strain, surface-directed decomposition occurs at the traction-free surface, even when there is negligible surface interaction energy initially attracting one of the components. This decomposition is controlled by elasticity, and results in a local alignment of phases perpendicular to the free surface, in contrast to the parallel alignment produced by surface energy in stress-free systems.     

Al-Si3N4材料浸渗工艺研究

用β-Si3N4纳米颗粒浆料浸渍多孔聚合物材料,通过加热烧蚀掉聚合物,制备出三维空间连续网络结构预制块体,再通过无压浸渗将已熔炼好的铝液浸渗到预制体中,成功制备出陶瓷与金属相互贯穿的Si3N4/Al金属基复合材料。利用座滴定法测试了Al在Si3N4基片上的润湿角,探讨了其浸渗机理,分析了润湿角、浸渗力、浸渗温度和浸渗时间对Si3N4/Al金属基复合材料浸渗行为的影响。     

浸锡角度变化对润湿天平试验影响的探究

润湿平衡法是一种定性、定量评价器件可焊性的试验方法。文章针对OSP样品进行润湿天平试验时,浸锡角度的选择及其对试验的影响,作了探讨。文章旨在通过分析其中的机理,深入理解润湿天平曲线物理意义,以及为更好地运用IPC/J-STD-003B 2007可焊性测试标准提供参考借鉴。     

Evaluation of Adhesion Improvement of a GFRP Treated with Atmospheric Plasma Torch

The applications (and repair) of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites are increasing in different industries (wind turbines, boats, chassis of buses, etc.) due to specific strength and low cost. Their major disadvantage is the difficulty to shape complex components. This problem can be solved manufacturing different parts, being adhesively bonded afterwards. This work studies the effect of atmospheric pressure plasma torch compared to grit-blasting to improve adhesion. After surface treating different parts, the changes of wettability and surface energy were measured. Treated samples were bonded with polyurethane and epoxy adhesives, and the quality of the bond was evaluated using pull-off adhesion tests and fracture strength test under cleavage loads. Obtained results allow to select the most adequate treatment in terms of mechanical requirements.     

竹原纤维织物导湿透气性能研究

研究竹原纤维织物的导湿透气性能.对竹原纤维织物、苎麻织物、棉织物以及竹原棉混纺织物的吸水性、润湿性、透湿性与透气性进行了测试分析,发现竹原纤维织物的吸水性、润湿性与透湿性都略高于苎麻织物,明显高于棉织物;结构紧密、厚实的织物,透湿性下降明显;织物的透气率与组成织物的纤维种类无关,覆盖系数小、松散而轻薄的织物透气性好.     

A method for measuring the imbibation rate of powder in a liquid

Mixing of powders into liquids is a common unit operation. Mixing can be divided into several steps: imbibation of the powder into the liquid being the first. Under some circumstances, for instance, if the powder has poor wetting properties, imbibation can be the rate-determining step. In this study imbibation in a commercial mixer was studied and a method to measure powder imbibation in a model that simulates the commercial mixer was developed. The imbibation mechanism in the commercial mixer is based on a wave drawing the powder down into the liquid, and surface flow transporting it towards the wave. A wave imbibation model was constructed based on the same mechanisms, in which physical parameters such as wave height, surface velocity and surface residence time could be varied. An experimental procedure was used to determine the maximum imbibation rate. Measurements were found to have good reproducibility, with a standard error of means of 4.7% for spray-dried sodium caseinate. The maximum imbibation rates were found to be of the same magnitude in the commercial mixer and the wave imbibation model: 0.04 kg/s m in the commercial mixer and 0.06–0.16 kg/s m in the wave imbibation model for spray-dried sodium caseinate powder.     

Different microstructure BaO–B2O3–SiO2 glass/ceramic composites depending on high-temperature wetting affinity

In this work, we propose a simple but effective method to fabricate BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glass/ceramic composites with different microstructures that depend on the high-temperature wetting affinity. The experimental results showed that the wetting affinity between oxide ceramic and the BaO–B₂O₃–SiO₂ glass matrix could strongly affect the driving force of densification and crystallization and finally the microstructure of the glass/ceramic composites. It was found that suitable amounts of alumina powders could obviously increase the driving force for sintering of glass by increasing the capillary pressure. In this case, the contact angle between alumina and glass matrix is about 24° at high temperature and a densified and homogeneous microstructure of glass/alumina composite was obtained. On the contrary, rutile powders additive was found to result in higher phase separation and crystallization during the sintering of glass/rutile composites. In this case, the contact angle between rutile and glass matrix is about 124° at high temperature, and the sintered body has a lower dielectric loss than the sample with alumina additive. Therefore, the microstructure and dielectric property of glass/ceramic composites could be controlled by adjusting the ceramic composition and wetting affinity between ceramic additive and glass matrix in our study.     

电流密度和润湿剂对Ni镀层组织与形貌的影响

采用普通型瓦特液,按照不同的工艺参数在铜材表面电镀镍,通过SEM对镀层表面进行扫描观察和使用XRD测试对镀层表面进行检测,并且对不同样品数据进行对比和分析,从而达到研究电流密度及润湿剂对镀层沉积速度、表面显微形貌和晶粒尺寸的影响的目的.实验结果表明,电流密度的影响非常显著,不同电流密度下的镀层表面形貌和晶粒尺寸存在相应的差别.适量的润湿剂对镀层的沉积具有促进作用,对防止针孔的生成及细化晶粒具有明显的效果.     

Bi-Sn熔体在高熵合金上的润湿行为及界面特征

采用传统座滴法研究了低熔点合金(Bi-Sn)和高熵合金(AlCoFeNiCr和CuCoFeNiCr)之间的润湿行为及界面特征。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)分析了Bi-Sn/AlCoFeNiCr和Bi-Sn/CuCoFeNiCr界面微观结构。结果表明:AlCoFeNiCr和CuCoFeNiCr高熵合金都是结构单一的固溶体,但Bi-Sn熔体在CuCoFeNiCr高熵合金基体上的润湿性明显地优于Bi-Sn熔体在AlCoFeNiCr高熵合金基体上的润湿性;Bi-Sn/CuCoFeNiCr界面发生剧烈的化学反应,有大量的界面反应物生成,Bi-Sn熔体中的原子Sn主要是沿着CuCoFeNiCr高熵合金中的富铜相扩散,而Bi-Sn/AlCoFeNiCr界面平直,且随着润湿温度的升高,Bi-Sn熔体中的原子向AlCoFeNiCr高熵合金基体的扩散程度加强并伴随化学反应,出现类似"皮下潜流"现象;由于CuCoFeNiCr高熵合金中富铜相的存在,为Bi-Sn在CuCoFeNiCr高熵合金基体上的铺展提供了"润湿通道"。