一种液体水泥助磨剂对水泥适应性的研究

从与水泥适应性的角度,通过激光粒度、水泥凝结时间、流动度、水泥胶砂抗压强度、SEM分析,系统地研究了一种自制液体水泥助磨剂对普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰水泥、矿渣水泥物理化学性能的影响.结果表明:掺加助磨剂的普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣水泥、粉煤灰水泥标准稠度用水量变化不明显,凝结时间明显缩短,对体积安定性无影响.该助磨剂提高了普通硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰水泥、矿渣水泥的抗压强度.通过SEM发现助磨剂增加了普通硅酸盐水泥的水化产物,提高了水化反应速率.显著减小了粉煤灰水泥颗粒粒径,促进粉煤灰水泥的早期水化.增加了矿渣水泥水化产物,使得颗粒间隙更加密实.     

天然气非催化部分氧化转化炉模拟

O2/CH4比、操作压力和气化炉长度等因素对天然气非催化部分氧化转化炉的运行至关重要。研究建立了基于反应动力学的反应器网络模型和平衡模型。考察了O2/CH4摩尔比、压力与停留时间对合成气出口温度和组成的影响。结果表明,反应器网络模型的预测结果与工业运行数据吻合较好。随着O2/CH4摩尔比增大、压力的上升或停留时间的变长,两种模型模拟结果的差异逐渐变小。反应器网络模型模拟结果表明,O2/CH4摩尔比上升,合成气温度逐渐升高,出口甲烷含量逐渐降低,H2/CO摩尔比逐渐下降。在停留时间较短时,压力的上升会促进甲烷的转化,而在停留时间较长时,较高的压力会抑制甲烷的转化。     

极软岩回采巷道支护技术研究

软岩巷道是巷道支护的难题之一。据具体的工程实例,分析认为巷道变形严重的主要影响因素是围岩岩性、支护整体结构和自身承载能力。基于原支护存在的问题,提出了＂U型钢可缩性支架＋锚网喷＂的互补支护技术方案。实验结果表明,该技术取得了良好的治理效果,巷道围岩变形量明显降低,保证了巷道的正常运行。     

河北省职业教育集团化办学整体发展现状及发展策略研究

通过对于河北省职教集团化发展的现状分析,发现了当前河北省职教集团化发展过程中存在的阻碍职教集团化进一步发展的典型问题,提出了具有较强可操作性、针对性强的河北省职教集团化发展策略,对于政府,教育研究人员,职业院校管理人员有较强的借鉴意义。     

高分子涂层老化机理研究进展分析

高分子涂层在自然条件下会受到各种因素的影响而发生老化,本文总结了影响涂层老化的主要因素,指出太阳辐射、温度、水分（湿度）,氧和臭氧,污染物等是引起高分子涂层老化最主要的环境因素。同时,对涂层在不同环境下的老化机理以及不同类型涂层的老化机理也分别做了剖析。     

分子轨道方法在有机反应机理中的应用

利用分子轨道理论直观解释了有机反应机理中所涉及到的立体化学、区域选择性以及对称性选择规律等有机化学中不易解释清楚的问题。相较于传统的"电子推动"方法,分子轨道方法更加直观,并能为有机反应机理的学习提供更深的理解。     

阳离子型催化剂催化ε-己内酯开环聚合反应的研究进展

聚己内酯(PCL)是一种无毒、可生物降解的多功能高分子材料,广泛应用于生活用品和医药化工等行业。目前PCL主要通过催化ε-己内酯开环聚合获得,阳离子催化剂由于具有催化活性高、无毒等特点,在PCL的合成中已得到广泛应用,成为ε-己内酯开环常用的催化剂之一。介绍了PCL的理化性质和合成方法,详细阐述了各类型阳离子催化剂催化ε-己内酯开环聚合的反应机理。着重介绍了近几年阳离子型催化剂在己内酯聚合中的应用发展,并展望了阳离子催化在PCL开环聚合反应中的发展方向。     

Mechanosynthesis of nanocomposites in TiO2–B2O3–Mg–Al quaternary system

The mechanochemical behavior of TiO₂–B₂O₃–Mg–Al quaternary system to synthesize various composite nanopowders was studied. A mixture of boron oxide and titanium dioxide powders along with different amounts of magnesium and aluminum was milled using a high-energy planetary ball mill to persuade necessary conditions for the occurrence of a mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR). Results showed that the formation of composite nanopowders was influenced strongly by the reducing agents content. In the absence of Al (100 wt% Mg), TiB₂ nanopowder was formed after 34 min of milling. In the presence of x wt% Mg–y wt% Al (x=40 and 70; y=100−x), mechanical activation was completed after 37–40 min which caused the formation of TiB₂–MgFe_0.6Al_1.4O₄ composite nanopowders. In the case of 10 wt% Mg–90 wt% Al, a ternary nanocomposite (TiB₂–MgAl₂O₄–Al₂O₃) was produced after 43 min of milling. Besides, Al₂O₃–TiB₂ nanocomposite was formed after 90 min of milling in the absence of Mg (100 wt% Al). From the SEM images, mechanochemical process reached a steady state after short milling times where the particles have become homogenized in size and shape. The reaction mechanism steps were proposed to clarify the reactions occurring during mechanochemical process.     

Steam reforming of ethanol over skeletal Ni‐based catalysts: A temperature programmed desorption and kinetic study

An investigation on reaction scheme and kinetics for ethanol steam reforming on skeletal nickel catalysts is described. Catalytic activity of skeletal nickel catalyst for low‐temperature steam reforming has been studied in detail, and the reasons for its high reactivity for H₂ production are attained by probe reactions. Higher activity of water gas shift reaction and methanation contributes to the low CO selectivity. Cu and Pt addition can promote WGSR and suppress methanation, and, thus, improve H₂ production. A reaction scheme on skeletal nickel catalyst has been proposed through temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy experiments. An Eley‐Rideal model is put forward for kinetic studies, which contains three surface reactions: ethanol decomposition, water gas shift reaction, and methane steam reforming reaction. The kinetics was studied at 300–400°C using a randomized algorithms method and a least‐squares method to solve the differential equations and fit the experimental data; the goodness of fit obtained with this model is above 0.95. The activation energies for the ethanol decomposition, methane steam reforming, and water gas shift reaction are 187.7 kJ/mol, 138.5 kJ/mol and 52.8 kJ/mol, respectively. Thus, ethanol decomposition was determined to be the rate determining reaction of ethanol steam reforming on skeletal nickel catalysts. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 635–644, 2014     

Kinetic modeling of hemicellulose hydrolysis in the presence of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts

Kinetic models were developed for the hydrolysis of O‐acetyl‐galactoglucomannan (GGM), a hemicellulose appearing in coniferous trees. Homogeneous and heterogeneous acid catalysts hydrolyze GGM at about 90°C to the monomeric sugars galactose, glucose, and mannose. In the presence of homogeneous catalysts, such as HCl, H₂SO₄, oxalic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid, the hydrolysis process shows a regular kinetic behavior, while a prominent autocatalytic effect was observed in the presence of heterogeneous cation‐exchange catalysts, Amberlyst 15 and Smopex 101. The kinetic models proposed were based on the reactivities of the nonhydrolyzed sugar units and the increase of the rate constant (for heterogeneous catalysts) as the reaction progresses and the degree of polymerization decreases. General kinetic models were derived and special cases of them were considered in detail, by deriving analytical solutions for product distributions. The kinetic parameters, describing the autocatalytic effect were determined by nonlinear regression analysis. The kinetic model described very well the overall kinetics, as well as the product distribution in the hydrolysis of water soluble GGM by homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The modelling principles developed in the work can be in principle applied to hydrolysis of similar hemicelluloses as well as starch and cellulose. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1066–1077, 2014