Chloride Channelopathies of ClC-2

Chloride channels (ClCs) have gained worldwide interest because of their molecular diversity, widespread distribution in mammalian tissues and organs, and their link to various human diseases. Nine different ClCs have been molecularly identified and functionally characterized in mammals. ClC-2 is one of nine mammalian members of the ClC family. It possesses unique biophysical characteristics, pharmacological properties, and molecular features that distinguish it from other ClC family members. ClC-2 has wide organ/tissue distribution and is ubiquitously expressed. Published studies consistently point to a high degree of conservation of ClC-2 function and regulation across various species from nematodes to humans over vast evolutionary time spans. ClC-2 has been intensively and extensively studied over the past two decades, leading to the accumulation of a plethora of information to advance our understanding of its pathophysiological functions; however, many controversies still exist. It is necessary to analyze the research findings, and integrate different views to have a better understanding of ClC-2. This review focuses on ClC-2 only, providing an analytical overview of the available literature. Nearly every aspect of ClC-2 is discussed in the review: molecular features, biophysical characteristics, pharmacological properties, cellular function, regulation of expression and function, and channelopathies.     

Bis‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolinium): A Chiral Scaffold for Developing High‐Affinity Ligands for SK Channels

N‐Methyl‐bis‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolinium) analogues derived from AG525 (1,1′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)‐bis‐(6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline)) stereoisomers and tetrandrine, a rigid bis‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline) analogue with an S,S configuration, were synthesized and tested for their affinity for small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel (SK/K_Ca2) subtypes using radioligand binding assays. A significant increase in affinity was observed for the quaternized analogues over the parent 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds. Interestingly, the impact of stereochemistry was not the same in the two groups of compounds. For quaternized analogues, affinities of S,S and R,R isomers for SK2 and SK3 channels were similar and in both cases higher than that of the meso derivative. Among the bis‐tetrahydroisoquinoline compounds, the S,S isomers exhibited high affinity, while the R,R and meso isomers had similarly lower affinities. Furthermore, the SK2/SK3 selectivity ratio was slightly increased for quaternized analogues. Bis‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolinium) represents a new scaffold for the development of high‐affinity ligands for SK channel subtypes.     

中间加劲复杂卷边槽钢纯弯构件弹性畸变屈曲应力计算方法研究

为了研究中间加劲复杂卷边槽钢纯弯构件弹性畸变屈曲应力简化计算方法,采用有限条分析软件CUFSM对不同参数的复杂卷边槽钢、∑形复杂卷边槽钢以及腹板V形加劲复杂卷边槽钢各70个构件的畸变屈曲应力进行数值分析.在此基础上,借鉴现有板件局部屈曲应力的表达方式,引入畸变屈曲系数,经拟合分析提出上述构件畸变屈曲应力的简化计算公式,并将复杂卷边槽钢和腹板V形加劲复杂卷边槽钢的公式进行合并,对公式的有效性进行验证.     

环绕声前方三声道全指向传声器阵列定位畸变

以环绕声前方三声道全指向阵列系统为对象,研究声源入射角度与重放声像定位之间的关系。在对理想状态下的阵列系统做出分析的基础上,阐述声道间的串音、声源到传声器之间强度差、频率等因素如何使声像发生畸变。进而讨论为避免声像畸变,如何在实际录音过程中对传声器阵列系统进行调整。     

纳米材料对神经系统电生理特性的影响

随着纳米技术迅速发展及纳米材料(含纳米颗粒和纳米管等)在神经系统疾病的诊断、治疗、康复中的广泛应用,纳米材料对神经系统的生物安全性研究已成为热点.纳米材料本身的特殊性使之能够轻易通过血脑屏障进入神经系统,然而关于纳米材料对中枢神经系统功能影响及其与神经细胞和组织之间相互作用的研究都相对匮乏,特别是对神经元电生理特性影响的报道非常有限,而后者往往是其行使正常功能的基础.因此本文从离子通道、神经元和神经网络电活动等方面分别介绍了一些重要纳米材料对中枢及外周神经系统电生理特性影响的离体与在体动物实验研究结果,初步讨论了其可能作用机制,并展望了今后纳米材料在神经组织与系统中转运及作用机制研究的可能途经,以期为纳米材料在神经系统疾病诊断、治疗和康复研究与应用提供参考.     

基于短电弧切削加工技术高效性特点的研究

通过列举短电弧切削技术在水泥磨辊、立磨辊套、大型钢轧辊、磨煤辊等行业成功应用的实例,显现短电弧切削技术的高效性。通过高速摄像机拍摄短电弧的现场加工图片,得出短电弧放电通道的特点是多个点同时发生放电,并建立放电通道。再通过微观研究工具电极和工件电极的表面,结合发生放电间隙s,解释短电弧多通道群组放电的可能性,从而解释了短电弧群组加工技术的高效性。     

小型太阳能吸收式空调多管弦月形通道溶液提升泵的性能研究

设计了一种多管弦月形通道溶液提升泵,对其提升性能进行了实验研究和分析。在给定运行条件下,研究了运行温度和压力、加热水和冷却水流量以及稀溶液浸没高度等对溶液提升量和冷剂水产量的影响,给出了实验曲线。实验结果表明,多管弦月形通道溶液提升泵具有起动温度低、运行温度范围大、运行连续稳定等显著特点,能够满足一般小型吸收式空调系统溶液循环流量的要求。     

垂直并联多通道内高温高压汽-水两相流密度波型不稳定性的实验研究

在高压汽水两相流实验台上对垂直上升并联多通道中的汽 水两相流密度波型不稳定性进行了系统的试验研究,发现了并联多通道中汽液两相流密度波型不稳定性的主要特征,确定了系统压力、质量流速、入口过冷度、热负荷、进口及出口节流、可压缩容积等对该类不稳定性的影响;并将垂直并联多通道内高压汽液两相流的密度波型不稳定性与垂直并联双通道和单通道内的密度波不稳定进行了对比分析。所得结果可为大型直流锅炉和蒸汽发生器的设计提供依据。图13参10     

莰烯基冷冻浇注成型法制备定向通孔氧化铝陶瓷

由莰烯、氧化铝、Texaphor 963组成的陶瓷料浆,在温度梯度的诱导下,用冷冻浇注成型法制备了氧化铝陶瓷坯体,经干燥、烧结后,制备出了高孔隙率、高强度的定向通孔氧化铝陶瓷.通过扫描电镜观察其孔结构,并对其孔隙率、抗压强度和收缩率进行分析测试.结果表明:料浆的固体含量和烧结温度显著影响试样的气孔率、抗压强度和收缩率;...     

基于微流道模板的流体法排列单壁碳纳米管的研究

采用以微流道模板为基础的流体法,成功制备了在大范围内具有高度取向的单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)阵列。讨论了SWNTs的浓度与长度、PDMS模板的宽度与形状对SWNTs定向排列效果的影响。研究了由有序排列的SWNTs构建的场效应晶体管(FET)的电学性质,所制的p型FET的开关比达到106。此方法适用于在大范围内构建高灵敏度、宽温度范围、快速响应的SWNTs的微电子元器件。