Engineering Smart Nanofluidic Systems for Artificial Ion Channels and Ion Pumps: From Single-Pore to Multichannel Membranes

Biological ion channels and ion pumps with intricate ion transport functions widely exist in living organisms and play irreplaceable roles in almost all physiological functions. Nanofluidics provides exciting opportunities to mimic these working processes, which not only helps understand ion transport in biological systems but also paves the way for the applications of artificial devices in many valuable areas. Recent progress in the engineering of smart nanofluidic systems for artificial ion channels and ion pumps is summarized. The artificial systems range from chemically and structurally diverse lipid-membrane-based nanopores to robust and scalable solid-state nanopores. A generic strategy of gate location design is proposed. The single-pore-based platform concept can be rationally extended into multichannel membrane systems and shows unprecedented potential in many application areas, such as single-molecule analysis, smart mass delivery, and energy conversion. Finally, some present underpinning issues that need to be addressed are discussed.     

Computational approaches to understand the adverse drug effect on potassium,sodium and calcium channels for predicting TdP cardiac arrhythmias

Ion channels play a crucial role in the cardiovascular system. Our understanding of cardiac ion channel function has improved since their first discoveries. The flow of potassium, sodium and calcium ions across cardiomyocytes is vital for regular cardiac rhythm. Blockage of these channels, delays cardiac repolarization or tend to shorten repolarization and may induce arrhythmia. Detection of drug risk by channel blockade is considered essential for drug regulators. Advanced computational models can be used as an early screen for torsadogenic potential in drug candidates. New drug candidates that are determined to not cause blockage are more likely to pass successfully through preclinical trials and not be withdrawn later from the marketplace by manufacturer. Several different approved drugs, however, can cause a distinctive polymorphic ventricular arrhythmia known as torsade de pointes (TdP), which may lead to sudden death. The objective of the present study is to review the mechanisms and computational models used to assess the risk that a drug may TdP. Key points: There is strong evidence from multiple studies that blockage of the L-type calcium current reduces risk of TdP. Blockage of sodium channels slows cardiac action potential conduction, however, not all sodium channel blocking antiarrhythmic drugs produce a significant effect, while late sodium channel block reduces TdP. Interestingly, there are some drugs that block the hERG potassium channel and therefore cause QT prolongation, but they are not associated with TdP. Recent studies confirmed the necessity of studying multiple distinctionic ion channels which are responsible for cardiac related diseases or TdP, to obtain an improved clinical TdP risk prediction of compound interactions and also for designing drugs.     

Creating Lithium‐Ion Electrolytes with Biomimetic Ionic Channels in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Solid‐state electrolytes are the key to the development of lithium‐based batteries with dramatically improved energy density and safety. Inspired by ionic channels in biological systems, a novel class of pseudo solid‐state electrolytes with biomimetic ionic channels is reported herein. This is achieved by complexing the anions of an electrolyte to the open metal sites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which transforms the MOF scaffolds into ionic‐channel analogs with lithium‐ion conduction and low activation energy. This work suggests the emergence of a new class of pseudo solid‐state lithium‐ion conducting electrolytes.     

时间相干信道下波束赋形系统的有限反馈方法

该文提出一种新的基于树形码书的有限反馈方法,由于相邻帧的时间相干性,信道向量的量化码字可建模为一阶有限状态马尔可夫链,当前帧信道向量被量化到前一帧最大转移概率码字的子码字上,该子码字的索引以1 bit反馈给发射端。链路仿真结果表明本文所提方法相比普通反馈方法可明显改善误码率性能,某些条件下还可降低反馈速率。     

模糊神经网络控制的混合小波神经网络盲均衡算法

针对传统恒模算法(CMA)收敛速度与均方误差之间的矛盾,提出了模糊神经网络控制的混合小波神经网络(FHWNN)盲均衡算法.该算法在小波神经网络输入层之前级联一个横向滤波器,将横向滤波器的节点输出分为实部和虚部两路经过小波神经网络后再合成为一路复数信号;利用模糊神经网络(FNN)设计的模糊规则控制小波函数的尺度因子和平移...     

衰落环境中数字调制识别仿真研究

调制方式的识别对于通信信号分析有着重要的作用。在现有有关调制识别的研究中,大部分都考虑的是加性高斯白噪声理想信道（AWGN）。文中通过仿真分析A．K．Nandi和E．E．Azzouz提出的数字调制识别算法（DMRAs）在衰落信道中的性能,详细研究了衰落信道特性对调制识别的影响。最后,得出了一些具有规律性的结论,对进一步深入研究衰落信道中调制识别技术具有一定的指导意义。     

改进的正弦波拟合法评价数据采集系统通道间延时

针对正弦波拟合法的缺陷,介绍了一种新的方法来评价高速同步数据采集系统通道间延时,即多谐波正弦拟合法。讨论了评价过程的误差来源,同时给出了评价过程的计算机仿真,并比较了两种方法估计正弦信号初相的优劣。仿真结果表明,多谐波正弦拟合法相对于正弦波拟合法有更好的测量精度,并降低了信号源谐波失真及频率误差带来的影响。     

Nakagami衰落信道上组合SC/MRC的性能分析

研究Nakagami衰落信道上组合发射机选择合并(SC)/接收机最大比合并(MRC)天线分集系统的性能.使用矩生成函数方法,推导采用组合SC/MRC天线分集和相干检测的MPSK(M进制相移键控)、MQAM(M进制正交幅度调制)、MPAM(M进制脉冲幅度调制)、BFSK(二进制频移键控)、最小相关BFSK(BFSKmin)、差分编码BPSK(DE-BPSK)和预编码MSK(最小频移键控)等几种M进制数字调制方式在Nakagami衰落信道上的误符号率性能,获得了M进制数字调制系统误符号率性能的精确数学表达式.数值计算结果阐明了发射天线和接收天线数目以及衰落参数对数字调制系统误符号率性能的影响.     

通道间幅度相位不一致对干涉仪测向的影响和解决方法

该文着重分析了通道不一致对干涉仪测向带来的影响,给出了分析结果。利用自动增益控制原理,建立了消除通道不一致对干涉仪测向影响的模型。仿真结果表明,该模型是有效的。该模型也同样适用于其他测向系统。     

利用井底超高压射流提高钻速研究

近10年以来,机械辅助高压射流破岩技术再次获得钻井界高度重视,被认为是提高硬地层、深井机械钻速的根本途径之一。利用井底超高压射流钻井技术是指基于水力与机械联合破岩方法和水力增压原理,开发一套具有射流式井底增压装置(DPS-1)和新型双流道高效破岩钻头(DCB-1)。创新点包括:开创了超高压水力与PDC机械联合高效破岩理论;研究开发了一套具有射流式井底增压装置;研究开发了一种新型双流道高效破岩PDC钻头。在温5-212井进行了现场试验,井段465.56~814.49m,进尺348.93m,纯钻11.33h,机械钻速30.79m/h,与同区块同井段牙轮钻头同比,机械钻速提高72.11%,钻头出口压力为70MPa。所以该技术是一个极富挑战性和可以充分发挥创造性的研究领域,这种技术潜在的经济效益是巨大的,也是目前可能有较大突破的一种联合破岩方法。