Newly designed polyacrylamide/dextran gels for electrophoresis protein separation: synthesis and characterization

Newly designed gels for electrophoresis protein separation were synthesized from acrylamide, N,N′‐methylenebis (acrylamide) and dextran mixtures. Radical polymerization was initiated by ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine. The time dependence of absorbance during polymerization was monitored using UV‐visible spectroscopy. The exothermic polymerization process exhibited a sharp rise of temperature reminiscent of the Trommsdorff effect. The swelling kinetics of the synthesized gels was examined in deionized water and buffer solutions. One of the challenges was to find an alternative to commercial products, sold as mixtures with no detailed chemical contents, commonly used in sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) for protein separation. For this reason, a systematic comparison was made of the properties of one of the most commonly used commercial gels, Duracryl^? from Genomics Solution Inc., and those of the synthesized polyacrylamide/dextran gels. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

食用油高温煎炸质变过程的研究

通过对菜籽油、花生油、豆油高温煎炸前后的色泽、吸光度、酸价、过氧化值、碘值的比较,分析说明油脂高温煎炸前后这些理化指标的变化规律。并从碘值的降低程度得出花生油、菜籽油适合煎炸使用。此研究对人们直观认识经高温煎炸后的食用油腐化程度具有指导意义。     

改进明胶浊度的研究

本文考察了活性炭、壳聚糖、明矾和胃蛋白酶对于不同类明胶溶液的澄清作用,初步探索了反应温度、试剂用量及体系pH值对吸附絮凝效果的影响,并研究了它们对降低明胶浊度,提高胶液透过率和脱色程度的影响规律,根据实验结果,找出了这四种方法对不同纯度明胶纯化的有效用量和合适的温度。     

防晒化妆品UVA区效果评价方法的研究

UVA能够穿透表皮直接损伤真皮层，使皮肤老化，纤维变性，诱发皮肤癌，如何评价防晒化妆品在UVA区的防护效果，国内尚缺乏检测方法。文章介绍了体内实验及体外实验的评价方法，体内实验采用MX16黑色素－红斑－指数仪测试人的皮肤受到UVA照射后即时变成的一次性的灰我或棕色的光化学反应。这种着色称为黑化。体外实验为紫外分光光度计测试320nm-400nm的吸光度值。两个方法显示了较好的相关性，体外方法具有操作简便，快速和重复性好等特点，可以代替代内方法。     

磁场处理对水分子结构和CaCO3成核影响实验及分析

采用紫外可见分光光度法研究了CaCl2溶液在是否施加交变磁场及不同温度、浓度下吸光度的变化情况,证明了磁处理对水分子间结构状态的影响.通过对CaCO3溶液的电导率与加磁反应时间之间的实验分析,进一步验证了磁处理对CaCO3晶核生成的促进作用.     

血液在可见光及近红外范围内随温度变化的动态吸收特性

人体病变组织的光热效应是皮肤病激光疗法与光学诊断的基础,深入理解血液光吸收特性随温度变化的动态规律对利用激光来治疗葡萄酒色斑(PWS)等血管性疾病具有重要意义。设计并搭建了血液动态吸收光谱实验测量系统,利用常温水浴将血液样品缓慢加热至80℃(0.5～1.0℃·min^-1),每间隔5℃为单位对血液的光吸收特性进行测量,得到了血液在可见光及近红外范围400～1000 nm内随温度变化的动态吸收光谱。实验结果表明,加热过程中血液光吸收特性变化可分为4个阶段:常温至50℃血液吸收光谱基本无变化;50～58℃吸收特性曲线变平缓, 630 nm处吸光度增加为常温下的2倍;随着温度的进一步上升,血液光吸收特性大幅度增加;65℃后略有增加直至不再变化。整个加热过程中,血液吸光度均在970 nm处存在峰值,并且吸收性能随着温度的上升有所增加,这为今后使用该波段治疗较深的顽固病变血管奠定了坚实的基础。     

超细CeO2粉体的制备及其紫外线吸收性能

用碳酸氢铵作沉淀剂通过添加NH4NO3和(NH4)2CO4两种不同的试剂制备了超细CeO2粉体.采用X射线衍射、BET和激光散射的方法研究了不同灼烧温度下粉体粒径的变化规律,并研究了粉体粒径对紫外线吸收的影响.结果表明:NH4NO3和(NH4)2CO4作为添加剂可以制得一次粒径在10～100 nm的纳米粉体,团聚粒径在200～300 nm分散性好的超细CeO2粉体.X射线衍射和BET测得的一次粒径随灼烧温度升高呈明显增大的趋势,激光散射测得的团聚粒径随灼烧温度变化不明显.CeO2粉体分散在去离子水中的吸收光谱研究表明,粉体一次粒径大小对光的吸收效果有明显影响,粒径小,紫外线吸收效果好,可见光穿透性强,粒径增大,粉体将失去紫外线吸收效果,紫外吸收受粉体的团聚粒径影响不大.     

Optimization of PACl dose to reduce RO cleaning in an IMS

In order to ensure stable treated water quality and to reduce chemical costs in any treatment plant it is necessary to study and optimize the coagulant dosing control (CDC). This research focused on the affects of coagulant in the integrated membrane (UF & RO) system employed for industrial water production. The dose of coagulant (PACl) might be associated (partly) with the frequency of cleaning in the RO units, and a value of 20 abs/m in the UF permeate is the control of the dosage process. This could suggest that organic fouling is directly and indirectly (inducing biofouling as well) the cause of fouling of the RO membranes. Nevertheless, high doses of PACl could produce scaling of aluminium and, in this work minimizing PACl to prevent operational problems in RO membranes was focused.

The approach involved the study of the treatment processes, determination of the optimum dose of coagulant, evaluation of the removal efficiency of UV and DOC by coagulation. The available data, which comprised monthly/weekly measurements for a period of six years of operation, was studied and analyzed and an attempt was made to draw some conclusions for the plant regarding the coagulant dosage and the link with UV absorbance as control.

The study of the coagulant dosing control revealed that the use of simple and robust online sensors like UV measurement allows an automatic dosing control although this parameter is not found to be sufficient to fully characterize nor predict fouling during membrane operation and there is no link between UV after the UF and the cleaning frequency of the RO. Parameters, as the added value allowed to verify the doses efficiencies in UV and DOC removal. Coagulant dose depends on the level of UV absorbance in the UF permeate and it should never be higher than 20 abs/m to ensure a RO cleaning frequency as long as possible. However, it was found that the target value of 20 abs/m produced substantial over dose of coagulant — 90% of the time – when UV removal is considered only. In the same way, for coagulant doses in excess of 5 mg/L, the additional removal of UV is less than 2.5% per mg coagulant/L, which suggests that the current dose is on the high side.

Furthermore, a coagulant dose in excess of 5 mg/L did not produce significant additional UV removal, and thus a reduction from 14 mg/L (2005 dose) to ca. 7 mg/L could be considered.     

Fatty Acid Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Antiproliferative Capacity of Selected Cold-Pressed Seed Flours

Cold-pressed seed flours from pumpkin, parsley, mullein, cardamom, and milk thistle were examined for total oil, fatty acid profile of the oil, total phenolic content (TPC), scavenging activities against peroxyl (ORAC), hydroxyl (HOSC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (RDSC) radicals, and antiproliferative capacity against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The cold-pressed parsley seed flour contained a very high concentration of total oil—17.6 g/100 g flour—with primarily C18:1 fatty acid at 86.2 g/100 g fatty acids. All other flour oils had relatively high levels of saturated fats, ranging from 39.0 to 62.9 g/100 g fatty acids. The tested seed flours demonstrated significant TPC and free radical scavenging activities. Milk thistle seed flour had the highest TPC value of 25.2 mg gallic acid equivalent per g flour (GAE mg/g) followed by that of parsley seed flour at 8.1 GAE mg/g. Milk thistle seed-flour extract also had significantly higher antioxidant activities than all other extracts against all tested radicals. The milk thistle seed-flour extract had an ORAC value of 1131 μmol trolox equivalents (TE) per g flour (TE μmol/g), a HOSC value of 893 TE μmol/g, and an RDSC value of 61 TE μmol/g. Also, ORAC, HOSC, and TPC values were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) under the experimental conditions. The cold-pressed milk thistle seed flour inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Results from this study suggest that these cold-pressed seed flours may serve as natural sources of antioxidants and may be used to improve human health.     

氮掺杂纳米TiO_2改性涂料及其抗菌性能

将自制的氮掺杂锐钛矿型纳米二氧化钛光催化剂作为功能性组分,加入耐光催化氧化的硅丙乳胶涂料中,制备出一种新型光催化功能性建筑涂料,实现了可见光光催化效应。使用紫外-可见光吸收光谱研究该功能性涂料对紫外线的吸收能力;采用菌落计数法研究该涂料在可见光照射下对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭性能。同时分析了纳米粉体种类、引入量及方式对涂料紫外线的吸收性能和抗菌性能的影响。