Review of Road user behavior and traffic accidents.

Reviews the book, Road User Behavior and Traffic Accidents by Risto Naatenen and Heikki Summala (1975). This book is a major contribution toward a better understanding of this complex behavior. It begins with a succinct statistical statement of the traffic safety problem. Earlier books on driving and traffic safety have tended to review the relevant literature in a sketchy fashion, with little effort to tie basic psychological research and theory to the traffic safety problem. Naatanen and Summala reverse this trend, and succeed, for the most part in relating research and theory to application. Most conclusions are well documented with evidence - too much so at some points, (e.g., when the authors go on for pages describing some of their own experiments, where the direct relevance to driving behavior is not made clear to the reader). Documentation for their statements is drawn from research around the world, although the stress is on European work. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

HTR-10全厂断电试验

10MW高温气冷实验堆在电气系统的设计中,针对全厂断电设计基准事故采取了相应的处理措施,在10MW高温气冷实验堆热态性能调试期间进行了全厂断电试验,用以验证10MW高温气冷实验堆应急供电系统的功能,结果表明,在发生全厂断电的设计基准事故时,由蓄电池组支持的不间断交流电源装置可以可靠地保证各专设安全设施完成其安全功能,并能为反应堆事故监测提供20小时的电力供应。     

核事故应急中的贝叶斯决策模型研究

通过比较分析 ,发现风场变化的不确定性对核事故应急决策有很大的影响。针对这种情况 ,以贝叶斯 (Bayes)风险决策原理为理论基础 ,结合核事故应急的相关知识提出了在计算机上实现的核事故应急中的贝叶斯决策模型 (NBDM) ,以便改进风场的不确定性 ,提高ESY中决策的精度。同时还与Alexandre方法进行了比较 ,最后给出了一个计算实例分析     

Experience gained in analyzing severe accidents for WWER RP using CC SOCRAT

The current Russian regulatory documents on the safety of nuclear power plant (NPP) specify the requirements regarding design basis accidents (DBAs) and beyond design basis accidents (BDBAs), including severe accidents (SAs) with core meltdown, in NPP design (NP-001-15, NP-082-07, and others). For a rigorous calculational justification of BDBAs and SAs, it is necessary to develop an integral CC that will be in line with the requirements of regulatory documents on verification and certification (RD-03-33-2008, RD-03-34-2000) and will allow for determining the amount of data required to provide information within the scope stipulated by the requirements for the structure of the safety analysis report (SAR) (NP-006-16). The system of codes for realistic analysis of severe accidents (SOCRAT) (formerly, thermohydraulics (RATEG)/coupled physical and chemical processes (SVECHA)/behavior of core materials relocated into the reactor lower plenum (HEFEST)) was developed in Russia to analyze a wide range of SAs at NPP with water-cooled water-moderated power-generating reactor (WWER) at all stages of the accident. Enhancements to the code and broadening of its applicability are continually being pursued by the code developers (Nuclear Safety Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAN)) with OKB Gidropress JSC and other organizations. Currently, the SOCRAT/В1 code can be used as a base tool to obtain realistic estimates for all parameters important for computational justification of the reactor plant (RP) safety at the in-vessel stage of SAs with fuel melting. To perform analyses using CC SOCRAT/В1, the experience gained during execution of thermohydraulic codes is applied, which allows for minimizing the uncertainties in the results at the early stage of an accident scenario. This study presents the results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT/В1. Approaches have been considered to develop calculational models and analyze SAs using CC SOCRAT. This process, which is clearly structured in OKB Gidropress JSC, provides a noticeable reduction in human involvement, and reduces the probability of erroneous results.This study represents the principal results of the work performed in 2010–2020 in OKB Gidropress JSC using the CC SOCRAT, as well as a list of the tasks planned for 2021–2023. CC SOCRAT/B1 is used as the base thermohydraulic SAs code.     

我国核应急决策支持系统的研究与开发

我国核应急决策支持系统的研究与开发所取得的进展包括：一是对引进的欧共体核应急决策支持系统的运行原理得以理解和消化;二是以广东大亚湾核电站为参考厂址,对ＲＯＤＯＳ系统中早期应急措施模型的应用进行了研究。     

分析高速走丝线切割在加工中常见问题及应对措施

该文就高速走丝线切割加工中诱发断丝故障发生、影响加工质量的各种非加工参数和不稳定加工状态进行了详细地分析和论述.提出了合理调配皂化液比例、做好加工工艺准备、正确运用操作技巧和科学选取加工材料等有效措施,对降低断丝几率、完善加工方法具有显著效果.     

镁粉切割工具在深井超深井小井眼事故处理中的应用

塔里木深井超深井小井眼事故处理过程中,作业环空间隙狭小,对工具性能要求苛刻,工具选择余地小,落鱼水眼小易堵死,难以建立正常循环,通常无法进行常规的爆炸松扣和切割作业。针对此情况,本文着重对镁粉切割工具结构、工作原理、工艺特点进行了分析,通过现场试验情况表明,镁粉切割技术具有工艺简单可靠,操作便捷,切割鱼头规则、承压能力高、无爆炸性等诸多优点,是深井超深井小井眼事故处理最有效的方式之一。     

建筑施工企业安全管理问题与对策研究

本文对建筑施工企业安全管理问题进行了研究,并制定了相应的对策来解决这些问题,希望能为广大的建筑施工企业管理者提供一些参考。     

我国煤矿安全生产发展历程及演进趋势

煤炭资源作为支撑我国经济快速发展的最重要能源供给,保证煤炭资源的绿色、安全、高效开采是重中之重。统计分析了建国以来我国煤矿安全生产发展的历程、现状及新时代背景下煤矿安全生产发展的演进趋势与急需解决的问题。研究表明,我国煤矿安全生产发展主要经历了3个时期,1949—1977年为煤矿安全生产水平大幅波动时期;1978—2002年为煤矿安全生产水平持续好转时期;2003—2018年为煤矿安全生产水平快速提升时期。研究认为,加大人工智能、物联网、大数据、云计算等现代化信息技术在煤炭资源开采过程中的运用,建设智能化煤矿是我国煤炭行业实现高质量发展的重要途径。加大煤矿安全生产科技人才培养力度,加强煤矿安全科技攻关,构建完善的职业健康保障体系,加快推进智慧煤矿示范工程建设,以保证我国煤矿安全生产形势的持续好转。