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991.
992.
Methane Transport Capacity of Rice Plants. II. Variations Among Different Rice Cultivars and Relationship with Morphological Characteristics 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M.S. Aulakh J. Bodenbender R. Wassmann H. Rennenberg 《Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems》2000,58(1-3):367-375
Of the total methane (CH4) emitted from a rice field during the growing season 60–90% is emitted through the rice plants. We determined the methane transport capacity (MTC) of rice plants at different physiological growth stages using an automatic measuring system under greenhouse conditions. A total of 12 cultivars (10 inbred varieties and 2 hybrids) were studied in sets of two experiments and was distinguished into three groups according to the patterns of MTC development. MTC is generally increasing from seedling stage to panicle initiation (PI), but differs in the development from PI to maturity. While the hybrid showed a gradual increase in MTC, the inbred cultivars showed either minor changes in MTC or a drastic decrease from flowering to maturity. Among tall cultivars, Dular showed the highest MTC, followed by B40; the lowest MTC was found in Intan. High-yielding dwarf cultivars showed MTC in the descending order of IR72 > IR52 > IR64 > PSBRc 20. New plant type cultivars showed very low MTC with IR65600 exhibiting the smallest MTC at PI, flowering, and maturity. Hybrids (Magat and APHR 2) showed the largest MTC that continued to increased with plant growth. The MTC patterns were attributed to growth parameters and the development of morphological characteristics of the aerenchyma. These results suggest that in tall, dwarf, and NPT cultivars, increase in root or aboveground biomass during initial growth determines a corresponding increase in MTC. Once aerenchyma has fully developed, further increase in plant biomass would not influence MTC. However, in the case of hybrids, a positive relationship of MTC with root + shoot biomass (r = 0.672, p 0.05) and a total plant biomass including grain (r = 0.849, p 0.01) indicate continuous development of aerenchyma with plant growth, resulting in enhanced MTC. In all cultivars, tiller number, but not height, was linearly related to MTC, indicating that the number of outlets/channels rather than plant size/biomass determines the transport of CH4. These results clearly demonstrate that rice cultivars differ significantly in MTC. Therefore, the use of high-yielding cultivars with low MTC (for example, PSBRc 20, IR65598, and IR65600) could be an economically feasible, environmentally sound, and promising approach to mitigate CH4 emissions from rice fields. 相似文献
993.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):4821-4828
We have successfully synthesized multi-layer graphene oxide and graphene oxide based magnetic nanocomposite (M/GO) by microwave-assisted modified Hummers’ method for removal of toxic lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions from aqueous solution. The X-ray diffraction spectra of synthesized graphene oxide and M/GO confirm increased interlayer spacing along c-axis. Raman spectra revealed the good quality of synthesized GO and M/GO. The wrinkles were seen in the SEM images of synthesized graphene oxide. The presence of conjugated double bond (CC) and carbonyl (CO) were confirmed by using the UV–Vis spectroscopic spectra. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis showed high (126 m2/g) surface area M/GO composite which accounts for large number of active binding sites for the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The adsorption studies revealed that Pb2+ ions were efficiently adsorbed on GO sheets. Interestingly, M/GO showed better adsorption for cadmium ions. 相似文献
994.
Summaries The digital imaging revolution continues apace, affecting the whole spectrum of the photographic industry. In many part of
the world digital cameras now outsell conventional film cameras, and many of the disadvantages associated with digital image
capture in the very recent past1.2 have been nulified.
As the digital industry grows, the various technologies involved continue to be ever innovative. With respect to digital cameras,
the image sensor performance criteria have improved immeasurably since the launch of the first solid-state camera in the early
1980s. The charge-coupled semiconductor device (CCD), for so long the unrivalled image-capture component in digital cameras,
is now being challenged by complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and the innovatively re-designed Fujifilm
Super CCD. In addition, the recent introduction of the Foveon full-colour imaging sensor has added a new dimension to digital
image capture.
This paper reviews current image-capture sensors and the way that the various digital imaging camera designs are able to record
and reproduce colour images.
Techniques et technologie de l’appareil sans pellicule et a capteur d’image numérique
Résumé La révolution provoquée par l’imagerie numérique devient de plus en plus importante et a une influence sur le spectre entier de l’industrie photographique. Il y a beaucoup d’endroits dans le monde ou l’on vend plus d’appareils photo numériques que d’appareils photo de tradition, et beaucoup des inconvenients qui étaient relatifs à la capture d’image numérique dans le passé recent récent ont été supprimés. Au fur et à mesure que l’industrie photographique s’accroft, les plusieurs technologies relatives continuent d’être de plus en plus innovatrices. Quant aux appareils photo numériques, les critères de la performance du capteur d’image ont amélioré infiniment depuis le lancement du premier appareil photo à semi-conducteurs tot dans les annees 80. Le dispositif à transfert de charges (CCD), depuis si longtemps le composant sans pareil en ce qui concerne la capture d’image, est remis en question par la technologie du métal-oxyde-semi-conducteur complémentaire (CMOS) et par le Fujifilm Super CDD qui a été repensé d’une manière tres innovatrice. En plus, l’introduction récente du capteur Foveon pour image couleur a ajouté une nouvelle dimension à la capture d’image numérique. Cet article examine les capteurs d’image courants aussi bien que la fa?on dont les plusieurs conceptions d’appareils photo à imagerie numérique sont capables d’enregistrer et de reproducire des images en couleur.
Digitale Fotografie — Technologie und Technik der film-losen Kamera
Zusammenfassung Die digitale Revolution geht weiter voran und hat das ganze Spektrum der fotografischen Industrie ergriffen. In vielen Teilen der Welt werden heute mehr digitale Kameras als konventionelle Filmkameras verkauft, und viele der anfaenglichen Nachteile der digitalen Bilderfassung bestehen heute nicht mehr. Viele Innovationen treiben die Digitalindustrie voran. Bei Digitalkameras hat sich die Bildsensorleistung von den ersten Modellen in den fruehen 80er Jahren enorm entwickelt. Die Charge-coupled Device (CCD), so lange der unangefochtene K?nig der digitalen Bilderfassung, bekommt heute von komplimentĂren Metalloxidhalbleitern (CMOS) und von der innovativ neu-entwickelten Fujifilm Super CCD Konkurrenz. Dazu hat die Einführung des Foveron Vollfarbbildsensors der Digitalfotografie eine neue Dimension verliehen. Diese Arbeit vergleicht die gegenwartigen Bilderfassungssensoren, und wie verschiedene Digitalkamera-Varianten Farbbilder aufnehmen und wiedergeben.相似文献
995.
Electrodiffusion diagnostics of the flow and mass transfer inside a network of crossing minichannels
F. Huchet J. Comiti J. Tihon A. Montillet P. Legentilhomme 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2007,37(1):49-55
The global mass transfer and the local flow structure inside a set of crossing minichannels were characterized using the electrodiffusion
method. The individual square-cross channel sections (a = 1.5 mm in sides) intersect at right-angles in order to form the flow cell. An array of 39 circular platinum electrodes
(0.25 mm in diameter) was flush-mounted into the wall of the flow cell to investigate the wall shear rate at different locations.
This array of small sensors allowed characterization of longitudinal and lateral variations in wall shear rate across the
flow cell, flow distribution at the inlet and outlet sections, transition between laminar and turbulent flow regimes, and
flow behaviour at the channel crossings. The results of global wall mass transfer measurements demonstrated that, from a mass
transfer point of view, the flow cell exhibits similar behaviour to a porous medium. 相似文献
996.
Polylactide (PLA) has been melt spun to produce multifilament continuous yarns. The thermal characteristics of PLA filaments have been investigated using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). With MDSC, it is possible to separate the different thermal events and to analyze them more precisely. The influence of hot drawing on thermal properties of PLA filaments has been studied. Hot drawing promotes an increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) and a decrease of heat capacity. The cold crystallization spreads on a larger range of temperature and the peak occurs at a lower temperature. The initial degrees of cristallinity of PLA filaments have been calculated thanks to the reversing and non reversing curves of MDSC. Tensile properties of PLA filaments are also investigated. 相似文献
997.
998.
QH-1型扁环填料的气液接触性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文简要介绍了新近研制的QH-1型扁环填料对于汽液接触过程的流体力学与传质性能。实验表明,这种填料具有通量大、阻力小、传质效率高的优点,可望代替鲍尔环等常用填料,以取得良好经济效益 相似文献
999.
The objective of this work is to study the transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid phase in an electroflotation cell. The measurements
were performed in a laboratory scale cell using insoluble electrodes, titanium coated with ruthenium oxide as anode and stainless
steel as cathode. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K
L
a, was characterized for clean tap water as liquid phase for different values of current density (J). The global coefficient
of mass transfer based on the liquid film, K
L
, and the specific interfacial area, a, were characterized. A model which relates K
L
a to current density was established. Different evaluation criteria of oxygen transfer in electroflotation process were determined
and compared with other aeration process. 相似文献
1000.
金属氧化物半导体气敏传感器的研究和开发进展 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
综述了近期国内外金属氧化物半导体气敏传感器的研究和开发进展;阐述了半导体气敏材料的气敏作用及机理;展望了今后半导体气敏传感器技术的发展趋向。 相似文献