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31.
Craig S. Long Albert A. Groenwold 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,61(6):837-855
Reduced integration is frequently used in evaluating the element stiffness matrix of quadratically interpolated finite elements. Typical examples are the serendipity (Q8) and Lagrangian (Q9) membrane finite elements, for which a reduced 2 × 2 Gauss–Legendre integration rule is frequently used, as opposed to full 3 × 3 Gauss–Legendre integration. This ‘softens’ these element, thereby increasing accuracy, albeit at the introduction of spurious zero energy modes on the element level. This is in general not considered problematic for the ‘hourglass’ mode common to Q8 and Q9 elements, since this spurious mode is non‐communicable. The remaining two zero energy modes occurring in the Q9 element are indeed communicable. However, in topology optimization for instance, conditions may arise where the non‐communicable spurious mode associated with the elements becomes activated. To effectively suppress these modes altogether in elements employing quadratic interpolation fields, two modified quadratures are employed herein. For the Q8 and Q9 membrane elements, the respective rules are a five and an eight point rule. As compared to fully integrated elements, the new rules enhance element accuracy due to the introduction of soft, higher‐order deformation modes. A number of standard test problems reveal that element accuracy remains comparable to that of the under‐integrated counterparts. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
32.
The nave of Santa Maria Novella, a Dominican church in Florence Italy is representative of a Florentine Gothic system of construction. This system, consisting of domical rib vaults on square nave bays, high side aisles, and crypto-buttressing, differs substantially from the French high Gothic system of even-level-crown rib vaults on rectangular bays, with flying buttresses over relatively low aisles. An investigation into the structural aspects of the Florentine Gothic construction system reveals that the domical vaults increase the longitudinal thrust and reduce the transverse thrust, which may require additional precautions to be taken during construction, but entails a less elaborate buttressing system. The domical vaults are found to perform well structurally, with an absence of tensile stresses, and are more suitable for a square bay. In general, the structural system of the nave of Santa Maria Novella is found to be the product of carefully considered structural design, which may be accepted as an alternative to the French Gothic construction system. 相似文献
33.
利用CO_2连续激光器在45钢表面进行了激光熔敷镍基合金、镍基Cr_2O_3合金和镍基WC合金,以2Cr13不锈钢为对比材料,系统地研究了激光熔敷层在不同冲击速度和腐蚀介质浓度下的腐蚀磨损特性,并根据组织分析、显微硬度测试及腐蚀磨损后的表面形貌观察,探讨了激光熔敷层的腐蚀磨损过程。结果表明:激光熔敷层的腐蚀磨损性能均比2Cr13不锈钢好。 相似文献
34.
机械合金化过程中Fe70B30粉末晶粒尺寸和微观应变的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用X射线和电镜研究了Fe_(70)B_(30)粉末经不同时间高能球磨后晶粒尺寸和微观应力的变化。在机械合金化过程中,粉末的X射线衍射谱的宽度随球磨时间的增加逐渐加宽,这是晶粒细化和内部微观应力共同作用的结果。X射线衍射结果表明:随着机械合金化的进行,粉末的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,球磨初期晶粒尺寸下降较快,经15h球磨,晶粒尺寸为25nm,机械合金化进行到一定时间后晶粒尺寸下降缓慢,80h球磨后晶粒尺寸可达5nm。在机械合金化过程中球磨所造成的微观应变不大,球磨初期粉末的内应力随球磨时间增加而增加,当粉末粒子尺寸很小时,随球磨的进行粉末中的微观应变显著下降。 相似文献
35.
RelationshipoftheYttriumCompoundswiththe AlloyingMethodinODSFerriticStainlessSteelZhangYong(张勇);ChenMingbiao(陈明彪);WuChengJian... 相似文献
36.
H原子对固态合金化颗粒表面成份分布影响的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了氢化物TiH2对Fe+Ti机械合金化非晶储氢合金的表面成份偏聚和性能的影响。应用X射线光电子谱(XPS)和俄歇电子谱(AES)对样品表面由表及里逐层测量成份分布。同时应用热重分析方法研究了样品氧化性能和产物。研究结果表明,在机械合金化过程中,H原子不仅能使FeTi非晶化,同时促使表面产生明显的Fe原子偏聚。表面Fe/Ti原子比接近7。非晶FeTi(H)相的氧化分两个阶段进行,Ti原子首先氧化(833K),随后Fe原子氧化(890K)。 相似文献
37.
机械合金化的原理及在磁性材料研究中的应用 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
介绍了机械合金化的原理和描述机械合金化过程的理论模型。综述了机械合金化在磁性材料研究中的应用,并对目前研究中的存在的问题及发展前景进行了分析。 相似文献
38.
Michael Anthony Puso Tod A. Laursen 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,54(8):1161-1194
In this work, a method is developed for smoothing three‐dimensional contact surfaces. The method can be applied to both regular and irregular meshes. The algorithm employs Gregory patches to interpolate finite element nodes and provide tangent plane continuity between adjacent patches. The resulting surface interpolation is used to calculate gaps and contact forces, in a variationally consistent way, such that contact forces due to normal and frictional contact vary smoothly as slave nodes transition from one patch to the next. This eliminates the ‘chatter’ which typically occurs in a standard contact algorithm when a slave node is situated near a master facet edge. The elimination of this chatter provides a significant improvement in convergence behaviour, which is illustrated by a number of numerical examples. Furthermore, smoothed surfaces also provide a more accurate representation of the actual surface, such that resulting stresses and forces can be more accurately computed with coarse meshes in many problems. This fact is also demonstrated by the numerical examples. Published in 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
39.
Comparison of finite element reliability methods 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The spectral stochastic finite element method (SSFEM) aims at constructing a probabilistic representation of the response of a mechanical system, whose material properties are random fields. The response quantities, e.g. the nodal displacements, are represented by a polynomial series expansion in terms of standard normal random variables. This expansion is usually post-processed to obtain the second-order statistical moments of the response quantities. However, in the literature, the SSFEM has also been suggested as a method for reliability analysis. No careful examination of this potential has been made yet. In this paper, the SSFEM is considered in conjunction with the first-order reliability method (FORM) and with importance sampling for finite element reliability analysis. This approach is compared with the direct coupling of a FORM reliability code and a finite element code. The two procedures are applied to the reliability analysis of the settlement of a foundation lying on a randomly heterogeneous soil layer. The results are used to make a comprehensive comparison of the two methods in terms of their relative accuracies and efficiencies. 相似文献
40.
Charbel Farhat Ulrich Hetmaniuk 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,54(9):1309-1332
We present a fictitious domain decomposition method for the fast solution of high‐frequency acoustic scattering problems characterized by a partially axisymmetric sound‐soft scatterer. We apply this method to the solution of various mockup submarine problems, and highlight its computational advantages and intrinsic parallelism. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献