Trace element geochemistry of the Obed Mountain deposit coals, Alberta, Canada

This study reports on the elemental concentrations and vertical variation of coal seams from the Obed Mountain deposit, Alberta Foothills, Canada. Results from two sections of Seam 1 show that the major elements (i.e. Al, Fe, Mg, K, Na, Ti, and Si) have high concentrations in intervals having high ash content, with the only exception of Ca. Similarities are apparent, in both sections, in the vertical variations of Th, U, Se, and Zn; Rb, Cs, and K; Sb, Mo, and W; Mn and Sr; and Ba, Cr, Co, Hf, and Sc. These similarities are also evident among the REEs, notably between Ce and La; also between Dy, Eu, and Sm. Most elements, with the exception of Ba and Sr are slightly more concentrated in Section 2 of Seam 1, located approximately 1.5Fig. km away from Section 1. Compared to Seam 1, Seam 2 has lower mean concentrations of elements. Boron in the coal ranges from 27 to 100 ppmw, though most values are less than 50 ppmw. Boron concentrations suggest a freshwater depositional environment. The element is depleted in the sedimentary partings (12–29 ppmw only) and is enriched in the coal interval near the roof and immediately beneath the partings. This enrichment shows possible downward mobilization of boron. Vertical variations of elements are helpful in delineating the boundaries between coal and sedimentary partings in the succession. The Obed Mountain coals are “clean” by world standards and their elemental concentrations are comparable with those in coals of a lower rank from the same coal formation used for power generation in Alberta. All sedimentary partings have low concentrations of Ba, Hf, Sc, Sr, Ta, Th, U, and REEs; this, along with the absence of an Eu negative anomaly suggests a non-volcanic origin for the partings.     

Selective separation of yttrium from rare earth elements by ion interaction chromatography. Analytical and larger scale applications

ABSTRACT

New ion interaction chromatographic (IIC) method employing Kromasil 100 C₁₈ column and tetra-n-butylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH) as an ion interaction reagent (IIR) is able to separate yttrium from Rare Earth Elements (REE) as anionic complexes with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). New method for the chromatographic determination of Y in REE mixture was devised and validated by the analysis of the certified reference material (CRM). Potential possibilities of the new chromatographic system for larger scale applications including macro-micro events were demonstrated.     

数学形态学在数字图像处理中的应用研究

传统边缘检测算法由于对噪声敏感,难以准确提取图像边缘,导致图像处理效果不佳.基于传统数学形态学算法中结构算子的方向性和尺寸几何的基础上进行算法改进.针对抗噪型碰撞腐蚀形态学边缘检测算子结构元素特征,采用不同大小结构元素组合来提取边缘特征,有效保证了图像细节的同时去掉较大噪声点.根据结构元素的方向性,利用同向结构元素图像的匹配来检测各边缘信息,确保不同向边缘信息的完整度.通过比较文本改进算法与传统的边缘检测算法对图像边缘检测效果表明:本文提出的改进算子在处理较大图像边缘检测时具有更快的检测速度,且图像边缘光滑,细节清晰,具备了更强的抗噪性能.     

CPTED理论对城市公园设计策略的启示

城市犯罪影响着城市公园的使用,为了设计更安全宜人的城市公园,分析影响公园安全的基本要素,建立基于CPTED理论的公园设计框架,提出环境行为干涉和多方参与协同设计两大策略,并对专类活动空间、照明、标识系统等专项设计进行相关阐述。     

创新要素集聚与区域创新绩效研究——基于浙江中小企业的实证分析

本文在对浙江中小企业发展模式探讨的基础上,以人才要素、资金要素、技术要素和研发要素四个维度构建了浙江中小企业创新要素集聚的评价指标体系,并且对中小企业创新要素集聚与创新绩效之间的关系进行了理论论述和实证分析。研究结果发现,人才要素、技术要素是推动浙江中小企业创新绩效提升的关键因素,而中小企业集群所衍生出的内部“技术锁定”是影响中小企业资金要素、研发要素对创新绩效产生作用的原因所在。     

街道空间构成要素解析

阐述了街道空间构成要素以及各要素的重要性,同时依据景观中的"点"、"线"、"面"做出相应的视觉分析,使得街道空间设计与更新更有针对性和层次性.     

基于宽带相关处理的连线干涉测量

载波时延整周模糊解算是目前连线干涉测量（connected elements interferometry,CEI）中的瓶颈问题。针对扩频信号、数传信号等常见的航天器信号类型,提出了基于宽带信号相关处理的连线干涉测量方案。该方案首先通过对宽带信号进行相关处理得到群时延信息;然后再进行载波提取得到载波差分相位信息;最后以群时延进行载波时延整周模糊解算,实现CEI测量。理论分析和仿真结果表明了所提方案的正确性,并对嫦娥二号宽带数据进行处理,得到了载波时延估计,精度较群时延提高了24dB。     

LMS滤波算法在连线干涉测量中的应用研究

对航天测控信号进行滤波处理将有利于提高系统的测量性能。针对连线干涉测量（connected elements interferometer,CEI）因以载波时延为测量量,使其测量精度与载波差分相位估计性能直接相关,且该性能主要受近载频噪声影响这一问题,提出了采用最小二乘法（least mean square,LMS）算法对测控信号进行滤波处理以提高载波差分相位估计精度的思路。首先给出了基于LMS算法的相位估计方案;然后分析了其可行性和存在的问题;最后将LMS算法应用于CEI测量仿真和同步卫星观测试验中。仿真和实测数据处理表明：LMS算法可提高CEI测量性能,在同样数据处理长度下,滤波处理后载波差分时延估计精度提高了大约1.42倍;或在同样数据情况下,滤波处理可以降低数据的信噪比为6dB。     

基岩型富氦气藏形成条件

氦气是一种广泛应用于军工、航天、医疗等高新技术产业的稀缺战略资源,但其在世界分布极其不均,中国是贫氦国家面临着严峻的氦气供给安全问题。在系统总结前人研究成果基础上,结合本次实验分析对比了世界上最成熟的氦气生产气田（美国潘汉德—胡果顿气田）与中国氦气生产潜力较大的东坪气田,探讨两者的成藏要素及富氦机理。结果发现：两者均是以天然气作为载体气的基岩型富氦气藏,储层物性好,均发育以膏岩为主的低渗致密的良好盖层。两者的差异性在于,前者花岗岩形成年代更为古老,尤其是碳酸盐岩地层中富含的花岗岩碎屑,其年龄集中在元古宙,平均比东坪气田花岗岩的形成年代早400 Ma;前者氦气运移模式偏向于单一的饱和地下水脱溶释放,而后者存在“过路”古老花岗岩储层的天然气“萃取”释放。两者对比之下,提出形成年代久远的高U、Th氦源岩、充足的载体气、良好的基岩风化壳储层与致密的盖层,和充足的地下水（边底水）作为媒介参与氦气运移,是形成基岩型富氦气藏的必要条件。     

Reaction behaviors and specific exposed crystal planes manipulation mechanism of TiC nanoparticles

Titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles with well-designed exposed crystal planes perform intriguing prospects for functional and engineering applications. In this study, a simple and controllable in situ synthesis strategy was proposed for the synthesis of TiC nanoparticles with specific morphology. Reaction behaviors suggested that most of TiC nanoparticles were formed by an instantaneous reaction between Al₃Ti and Al₄C₃ in the Al-rich melt and the resultant morphology was controlled by the discrepant growing rates of (100) and (111) crystal planes. In addition, a growth morphology control model was presented for the prediction and manipulation of the morphology of TiC nanoparticles by the doping of different alloying elements Me (Me = Cu, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Si). According to the morphological observations and density functional theory analyses including the interface energy, charge density differences, and orbital hybridization: Cu, Mg, and Zn atoms could stabilize the Al/TiC(111) interface, whereas Mn and Si atoms promoted the rapid growing and disappearance of the TiC(111) planes in the Al melt. This work provides a feasible way to intelligently design and manipulate TiC nanoparticles with desirable exposed crystal planes, and exhibits a promising prospect for personalized applications.