Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Tosylamido‐Substituted Pyrazines for Constructing Chiral Tetrahydropyrazines with an Amidine Skelton

Dinuclear triply chloro‐bridged iridium(III) complexes bearing chiral diphosphine ligands catalyze the asymmetric hydrogenation of tosylamido‐substituted pyrazines to give the corresponding chiral tetrahydropyrazines with an amidine skeleton in high yield and with high enantioselectivity. Addition of N,N‐dimethylanilinium bromide enhanced the catalytic activity of the iridium complexes and also increased the enantioselectivity of the products by trapping the hydrogenated amine products with HBr from N,N‐dimethylanilinium bromide. The amidine skeleton of the products could be transformed to give chiral piperazinones and piperazines without loss of enantioselectivity.

     

黑木耳酪氨酸酶的分离纯化与酶学性质研究

本文分离纯化了黑木耳酪氨酸酶,并对酶学性质进行了研究。采用经硫酸铵分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100和DEAE-Sepharose-FF柱层析对粗酶液进行分离纯化,得到电泳纯的黑木耳酪氨酸酶,比活力提高了21.43倍,酶活回收率为27.41%。该酶的酶学性质研究表明:蛋白亚基分子量为12.62ku;最适pH7.0,在中性和碱性条件下稳定;最适温度为40℃,50℃以下温度条件较为稳定;以酪氨酸为底物,米氏常数K m为5.88mmol/L,V max为64.10μmol/min。实验结果表明黑木耳酪氨酸酶具有其它酪氨酸酶相似的酶学特性。      

产乳酸菌素菌株的筛选鉴定及其特性分析

本实验对广西巴马村天然发酵米粉中的乳酸菌进行分离鉴定,筛选出一株具有抑菌活性的植物乳杆菌M44,并研究了其所产乳酸菌素的基本性质。采用微生物形态学和16S r DNA序列分析法鉴定菌株M44为植物乳杆菌,其发酵上清液具有抑菌活性,抑菌物质确定为蛋白类。采用盐析法粗提所产乳酸菌素,确定最佳硫酸铵沉淀浓度为60%。由乳酸菌素产量与菌株生长的关系实验得出乳酸菌素的最佳收获时间为发酵培养12 h。管碟法抑菌实验表明,该乳酸菌素在p H范围2~8时有良好的抑菌活性;121℃处理15 min后仍具有抑菌活性;胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶处理后抑菌性消失;对单核增生李斯特细菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌,金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。该乳酸菌素为天然生物防腐剂的开发与应用提供了研究基础。      

丙酸杆菌素的发酵及其分离纯化的初步探究

本文以薛氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium shermanii)发酵液为原料,以抑菌活性为指标,利用分离纯化技术提取发酵液中小分子丙酸杆菌素。丙酸杆菌素初步分离纯化确定的最佳脱盐条件为:上样量5 m L,流速0.5 m L/min,收集方式为手动收集,电导率达到1.5 ms/cm时停止收集;Superdex peptide最佳凝胶过滤条件为:上样量500μL,流速0.5 m L/min,深孔板固定体积收集,每孔收集体积200μL。最终得到一种分子量为698.9556 u的丙酸杆菌素,其单位抑菌活性为初始的6.8倍,抑菌活性得率为10.9%。酶解实验表明纯化后的丙酸杆菌素仍保留抑菌活性,且对胃蛋白酶敏感。      

大孔吸附树脂纯化制备京尼平苷酸的研究

研究了大孔吸附树脂从栀子黄色素生产废液的京尼平苷碱水解液中纯化制备京尼平苷酸(GPA)的影响因素及工艺条件,比较了大孔吸附树脂对GPA的脱色、吸附及解吸附性能,确定了最佳制备工艺。结果表明,弱极性DA201树脂的脱色效果较好,且对GPA的吸附性差;非极性树脂DA201C对GPA的吸附率、解吸率较高,分别达到88.7%、98%。在树脂用量1 g/25 m L 10 mg/m L GPA粗提液稀释液、p H 4.0、25℃、120 r/min振荡6 h的条件下,DA201树脂的脱色率为85.9%,GPA保留率为92.3%。DA201C树脂高效吸附GPA的条件为10 mg/m L脱色液、p H3.0、上样速度1 BV/h、上样量7.2 BV。经25%乙醇溶液洗脱、干燥,制备的GPA纯度达到95.1%,回收率为86.2%。上述结果表明,在GPA的分离纯化中,DA201适用于脱色,DA201C适用于吸附和解吸。      

亚麻种子中胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化及性质研究

将亚麻种子去壳粉碎,经丙酮脱脂和Tris-HCl缓冲液提取后,Q-Sepharose^TM Fast flow离子交换层析一步纯化,获得电泳纯的亚麻胰蛋白酶抑制剂（LUTI）,纯化倍数可达9.62,活力回收率为6.25%,比活力为55.35 U/mg,SDSPAGE电泳显示LUTI分子量大小约为8 ku。质谱鉴定属于Potato型胰蛋白酶抑制剂,其抑制活性在p H2.0⁶.0以及70℃以下有较好的稳定性,最适p H为6.0,最适温度为40℃,属于一种非竞争性抑制剂,Ki值为9.18×10^-4mol/L。DTNB法检测LUTI含有一对二硫键,二硫键存在有助于提高LUTI的稳定性和活性。      

Hybrid Carbon Supports Composed of Small Reduced Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes for Durable Oxygen Reduction Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

We demonstrated highly active and durable hybrid catalysts (HCs) composed of small reduced graphene oxide (srGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for use as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Pt/srGO and Pt/CNTs were prepared by loading Pt nanoparticles onto srGO and CNTs using a polyol process, and HCs with different Pt/CNT and Pt/srGO ratios were prepared by mechanically mixing the two components. The prepared HCs consisted of Pt/CNTs well dispersed on Pt/srGO, with catalyst HC55, which was prepared using Pt/srGO and Pt/CNTs in a 5:5 ratio, exhibiting excellent oxygen reduction performance and high stability over 1000 cycles of the accelerated durability test (ADT). In particular, after 1000 cycles of the ADT, the normalized electrochemically active surface area of Pt/HC55 decreased by 11.9%, while those of Pt/srGO and Pt/C decreased by 21.2% and 57.6%, respectively. CNTs have strong corrosion resistance because there are fewer defect sites on the surface, and the addition of CNTs in rGO further improved the durability and the electrical conductivity of the catalyst. A detailed analysis of the structural and electrochemical properties of the synthesized catalysts suggested that the synergetic effects of the high specific surface area of srGO and the excellent electrical conductivity of CNTs were responsible for the enhanced efficiency and durability of the catalysts.     

中国煤矿粉尘危害防治技术现状及发展方向

为了解决煤矿综掘工作面粉尘污染难题,以唐口煤矿3110运输巷综掘工作面为研究对象,对压抽风量比r为0.5、0.8、1.2、1.5条件下的多径向涡旋气幕运移及其阻尘效果开展数值模拟研究。结果表明,随着r的减小,控制风流结构的主要因素由惯性转变为抽风负压,气幕保持径向涡旋状态的轴向运移距离及其前部低速紊流区均随之减小,当r减小至0.8及0.5时,能够在掘进作业区域形成轴向阻尘流场,粉尘污染范围也随之减小。结合综掘工作面实际情况,选取r为0.8,经现场应用,掘进机司机前部断面形成了较为完整的轴向阻尘流场,风速减小至0.38~1.19 m/s,掘进机司机处粉尘质量浓度降至63.0 mg/m³。

     

深凹露天矿采场内流场分布规律的试验与数值模拟

为探究大气风速对深凹露天矿山爆破排烟时间的影响,采用CFD数值模拟方法构建了深凹露天矿山爆破非稳态数值模型,模拟大气风速为3、6、9、15 m/s和不同爆破位置条件下炮烟扩散场景,研究了不同大气风速对深凹露天采坑内风流场特征和爆破排烟时间的影响。研究结果表明：不同爆破位置下,随着大气风速的增大,露天采坑内的风流分布呈现出单复环流向双复环流结构的转变;当大气风速大于6 m/s后,随着大气风速的增大,爆破炮烟排烟时间下降的幅度逐渐减小,大气风速对排烟时间的影响逐渐降低;不同爆破位置下,随着大气风速的增大,露天采坑爆破炮烟排烟时间均呈现下降趋势,且与大气风速呈现良好的指数函数关系。