负电容压电阻尼振动系统控制器参数研究

实验中发现负电容电路参数对负电容压电阻尼振动系统的振动幅值的衰减影响很大,推导了负电容压电阻尼振动系统的振动幅值随负电容电路参数的变化关系,并进行了仿真和实验研究,理论仿真和实验结果表明:负电容值越接近于压电片的固有电容,压电阻尼控制系统的衰减性能越好,串联电阻越小,压电阻尼控制系统的衰减性能越好.     

超声波测风系统中自适应时延估计算法的研究

在时差法超声波测风系统中,风速的测量精度受到时间延迟估计精度、两超声波传感器的距离精度等的影响。在后者一定的情况下,测风精度对时延估计精度提出了更高的要求。对此,采用了一种基于权值检测的最小均方误差(LMS)自适应时延估计算法,从而实现了高精度时延估计。计算机仿真与实际测试表明:该算法的估计精度满足了所研制的超声波测风系统的设计要求,能够用于机场区域低空风场情况的监测。     

机器人学习的可编程超声波传感器阵列摄像定位系统

提出一种用于摄像机室内移动物体定位的超声波传感器阵列,通过机器人学习的可编程软硬件来实现的系统。该传感器阵列可被编程设定为11对发送/接收器,通过传感器阵列初始化时所采集的静态环境数据与被定位对象进入静态环境时所采集的数据作比较,结合不可能概率事件与采样数据的正态分布及几何学的相交定位思想,以最大似然估计、最小方差计算等作为编程机制,得到水平定位极坐标。实验表明:其精准定位水平方向角为7.5°,定位目标更新周期为200 ms,1.2 s内锁定目标。并实现灵活变倍与聚焦,满足人们对于室内摄像机的定位要求。     

光纤束传感器测量轴系扭转振动的研究

介绍了一种运用光纤束传感器结合双条纹编码盘、测量轴系扭振的系统.论述了该测量系统的实现原理、系统构成、采样时间对扭振测量精度的影响,以及系统误差.将该系统在某型号航空设备上进行模拟实验,验证了该测量系统具备高精度、安装方便、抗干扰能力强等优点,对于回转机械的扭振检测和故障诊断具有很好的实用价值.     

超声波生物处理技术中多路体积分数检测器的设计

在多频带处理组组合搜索、捕捉、锁定最佳处理频率的运行策略下,基于ATmega16单片机,设计实现了一种用于生物液处理的多路体积分数温度检测器,并在实验中得以实现,为改善现有超声波生物处理技术提供了帮助.就其硬件电路,软件处理,以及数据通信需求的相关研究测试表明:其支持多路数据检测,统筹数据收发等各项功能满足自动化、最优...     

Whole-body vibration exposure experienced by motorcycle riders – An evaluation according to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards

Riders of twelve motorcycles, comprising 6 full-scale motorbikes and 6 motor-scooters, and 5 sedan vehicles, performed test runs on a 20.6 km paved road composed of 5 km, 5 km, and 10.6 km of rural, provincial and urban routes, respectively. Each test run of motorcycle was separately performed under speed limits of 55 km/h and 40 km/h. Tri-axial accelerations of whole-body vibration (WBV) were obtained by using a seat pad and a portable data logger, and the driver's view was videotaped with a portable media recorder. Root mean square (RMS) acceleration, 8-h estimated vibration dose value (VDV₍₈₎) and 8-h estimated daily dose of static compression dose (S_ed) were determined from the collected data in accordance with ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards. Experimental results indicate that the WBV values of the sedan vehicle drivers have low RMS, VDV₍₈₎ and S_ed values (RMS 0.27–0.32 m/s²; VDV₍₈₎ 6.3–8.3 m/s^1.75; S_ed 0.21–0.26 MPa). However, over 90% of the motorcycle riders had VDV₍₈₎ (mean 23.5 m/s^1.75) exceeding the upper boundary of health guidance caution zone (17 m/s^1.75) recommended by ISO 2631-1, or had S_ed (mean 1.17 MPa) exceeding the value associated with a high probability of adverse health effects (0.8 MPa) recommended by ISO 2631-5. Over 50% of the motorcycle riders reached these boundary values for VDV and S_e in less than 2 h. The WBV exposure levels of the full-scale motorbikes riders and motor-scooter riders were not significantly different. However, the RMS and VDV₍₈₎ values of motorcycle riders indicate significant roadway effect (p < 0.001), while their S_ed values indicate significant speed limit effect (p < 0.05). This study concludes that the WBV exposure levels of common motorcycle riders are distinctively higher than those of sedans, even on a regular paved road. The impact on health of WBV exposure in motorcycle riders should be carefully addressed with reference to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5.

Relevance to industry

This study compares the predicted health risks of motorcycle riders according to ISO 2631-1 and ISO 2631-5 standards. Experimental data suggest that the vibration dose value of ISO 2631-1 and daily dose of equivalent static compression stress of ISO 2631-5 have roughly equivalent boundaries for probable health effects.     

First-principles calculation of L10 -disorder phase equilibria for Fe–Ni system

By combining Cluster Variation Method with FLAPW electronic structure total energy calculations and the Debye–Grüneisen theory within quasi-harmonic approximation, L1₀-disorder phase equilibria for Fe–Ni system are calculated. The transition temperature, 483 K, determined in the present calculation is lower than that obtained in the previous calculation without thermal vibration effects. The decrease of the transition temperature is ascribed to the enhanced phase stability of a disordered phase due to the thermal softening of a lattice.     

Free vibration analysis of functionally graded conical, cylindrical shell and annular plate structures with a four-parameter power-law distribution

Based on the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) this paper focuses on the dynamic behavior of moderately thick functionally graded conical, cylindrical shells and annular plates. The last two structures are obtained as special cases of the conical shell formulation. The treatment is developed within the theory of linear elasticity, when materials are assumed to be isotropic and inhomogeneous through the thickness direction. The two-constituent functionally graded shell consists of ceramic and metal. These constituents are graded through the thickness, from one surface of the shell to the other. A generalization of the power-law distribution presented in literature is proposed. Two different four-parameter power-law distributions are considered for the ceramic volume fraction. Some material profiles through the functionally graded shell thickness are illustrated by varying the four parameters of power-law distributions. For the first power-law distribution, the bottom surface of the structure is ceramic rich, whereas the top surface can be metal rich, ceramic rich or made of a mixture of the two constituents and on the contrary for the second one. Symmetric and asymmetric volume fraction profiles are presented in this paper. The homogeneous isotropic material can be inferred as a special case of functionally graded materials (FGM). The governing equations of motion are expressed as functions of five kinematic parameters, by using the constitutive and kinematic relationships. The solution is given in terms of generalized displacement components of the points lying on the middle surface of the shell. The discretization of the system equations by means of the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method leads to a standard linear eigenvalue problem, where two independent variables are involved without using the Fourier modal expansion methodology. Numerical results concerning six types of shell structures illustrate the influence of the power-law exponent, of the power-law distribution and of the choice of the four parameters on the mechanical behaviour of shell structures considered.     

基于实时数据的钻井作业指导系统

以钻井作业的实时数据为参数,检索相同构造或层位上的钻井生产历史数据,将其反馈到钻井生产现场,提高钻井作业效率。针对钻井历史信息储存的分布和异构特性,利用网格技术,给出基于实时数据的钻井作业指导系统的体系结构和实现方法。     

串脉冲超声导波断轨检测技术研究

针对传统的钢轨断轨检测效率低、无法进行实时检测的不足,对串脉冲超声导波断轨检测方法进行了研究.首先为了增强发射能量,同时达到脉冲叠加的目的,研发了脉冲个数、脉宽、间隔均可调的高压串脉冲超声导波发射系统;为了保证接收信号的信噪比和空间精度,用匹配滤波的方法对接收信号进行脉冲压缩.采用研制的串脉冲超声导波断轨检测系统,选用SH导波换能器在钢轨上进行了检测实验.结果表明,检测系统性能稳定,经过串脉冲叠加,使接收信号的幅值约为单脉冲接收信号的3倍,经过匹配滤波后,信噪比得到明显提升.该方法的换能器置于轨腰,能够对钢轨实现在线监测.