高碳钢快速球化退火工艺的研究

通过对高碳钢传统球化退火理论与技术的分析 ,提出了 Ac1 f温度透烧的奥氏体化新工艺。结合生产现场设备及退火质量的检测 ,制定出相适应的快速球化退火工艺 ,不仅提高了球化的质量 ,改善了机械加工性能 ,还使球化加热时间缩短到原工艺的 2 5 %～ 30 % ,球化缓冷到 6 80℃的时间缩短了 5 0 %。     

大型复杂铸件毛坯最佳适配算法的研究

针对大型复杂铸件毛坯与设计原形存在误差,提出了梯度-模拟退火算法来对铸件毛坯进行适配.本算法综合了梯度法与模拟退火算法各自优点,可使优化解不陷入局部极值解而获得全局最优解,从而实现毛坯的最佳适配.最后运用实例验证所提出的算法的可行性及有效性.     

大塑性变形珠光体钢丝低温球化退火工艺研究

研究了70Nb和50Cr两种金属针布合金钢丝经大塑性变形后在低温下球化退火的工艺及组织。结果表明，在冷却速度一定的条件下，变形量为96．6％的70Nb合金钢丝在730℃保温240min球化效果较好，球化等级达到3．5～4级；变形量为84．6％的50Cr合金钢丝在730℃保温随保温时间延长球状碳化物逐渐长大．但尺寸始终保持在1～1．2μm。     

Microstructure evolution during batch annealing

Design of industrial annealing cycles requires recrystallization and grain growth studies, which are typically carried out under isothermal laboratory condition. The kinetics coefficients of these phase transformations are obtained from such studies, which are subsequently used in designing the industrial nonisothermal cycles using the additivity principles. However, the strong heating rate effects on the grain growth kinetics necessitate such kinetics studies using industrial thermal profiles. In the present work, the hot and cold spot cycles of an industrial batch annealing cycle for AIK grade steel have been simulated in a programmable laboratory furnace. Subsequently, the effect of annealing temperature, soaking time, and heating rate on the microstructural features, such as grain size distribution, grain shape anisotropy, and grain orientation, have been investigated through extensive quantitative microscopy. The implications of these results on the design of industrial batch annealing cycles have been discussed.     

Ti-Ni-Si纳米合金的制备和特性

Ｔｉ（７０）Ｎｉ（２０）Ｓｉ（１０）非晶合会在５００－８００℃范围内经１ｈ退火后。可形成平均晶粒度为８－１２０ｎｍ的纳米合金．Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）的结果表明。不同平均晶粒度的纳米合金样品中，相的组成相同．即Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ和Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３以及少量的α－Ｔｉ晶体相．显微硬度（ＨＶ）的测量表明，纳米合金样品的显微硬度值比铸态或非晶态样品高一倍左右，但是，随着平均晶粒度的减小，硬度值的变化并不满足线性的Ｈａｌｌ－ｐｅｔｃｈ关系。     

Sm—Fe—N永磁体的研制

用机械合金化的方法及退火和渗氮处理,用纯Fe粉和Sm粉制备出内禀矫顽力为33.1kA/cm(41.6kOe)和磁能积为98.7kJ/m~3(12.4MGOe)的Sm—Fe—N永磁材料.用X射线衍射方法对样品制备过程中的机械合金化、晶化、渗氮过程中所形成的相进行了分析,用脉冲磁强计测量磁性实验结果发现,采用高能球磨机是机械合金化的方法制备高矫顽力永磁体的较好工具晶粒尺度为几十nm是获得高矫顽力Sm—Fe—N永磁体的重要因素,样品中存在的软磁第二相是磁滞回线中出现蜂腰形状的主要原因。     

激光退火对Inconel 718微观组织和硬度的影响

研究激光退火对Inconel718时效合金的显微组织和硬度的影响.一台2.5kW的CO2激光机被用来照射试样的表面.在激光能作用下,试样表面层被加热后空冷.通过控制激光工艺参数,在表面不发生熔化的前提下,能够使一定厚度表面层内的硬度降低到标准退火合金的水平,而不影响试样内部母材的硬度.显微组织观察显示表面层的基体强化相(γ″和γ‘)在激光照射过程中被固溶,而其它二次相没有变化.γ″和γ‘的固溶被确定是表面层硬度下降的原因.在其它试验条件不变时,确立了退火层生成时由激光散焦距离和扫描速度描述的工艺参数范围.     

预处理工艺对W6Mo5Cr4V2高速钢组织与性能的影响

研究了预处理工艺对Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２高速组织与性能的影响。试验结果表明，与退火预处理相比，调质预处理的奥氏体晶粒细小，未溶碳化物少，残留奥氏体量多，屈服强度高，低应力区疲劳寿命长，但抗弯强度，塑性，冲击韧度，断裂韧性都较低，高应力区疲劳寿命也短。     

Considering lost sale in inventory routing problems for perishable goods

This paper presents a mathematical model for an inventory routing problem (IRP). The model is especially designed for allocating the stock of perishable goods. It is assumed that the age of the perishable inventory has a negative impact on the demand of end customers and a percentage of the demand is considered as lost sale. The proposed model balances the transportation cost, the cost of inventory holding and lost sale. In addition to the usual inventory routing constraints, we consider the cost of lost sale as a linear or an exponential function of the inventory age. The proposed model is solved to optimality for small instances and is used to obtain lower bounds for larger instances. We have also devised an efficient meta-heuristic algorithm to find good solutions for this class of problems based on Simulated Annealing (SA) and Tabu Search (TS). Computational results indicate that, for small problems, the average optimality gaps are less than 10.9% and 13.4% using linear and exponential lost sale functions, respectively. Furthermore, we show that the optimality gaps found by CPLEX grow exponentially with the problem size while those obtained by the proposed meta-heuristic algorithm increase linearly.     

A Hybrid Color Quantization Algorithm Incorporating a Human Visual Perception Model

Color quantization is a common image processing technique where full color images are to be displayed using a limited palette of colors. The choice of a good palette is crucial as it directly determines the quality of the resulting image. Standard quantization approaches aim to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the original and the quantized image, which does not correspond well to how humans perceive the image differences. In this article, we introduce a color quantization algorithm that hybridizes an optimization scheme based with an image quality metric that mimics the human visual system. Rather than minimizing the MSE, its objective is to maximize the image fidelity as evaluated by S‐CIELAB, an image quality metric that has been shown to work well for various image processing tasks. In particular, we employ a variant of simulated annealing with the objective function describing the S‐CIELAB image quality of the quantized image compared with its original. Experimental results based on a set of standard images demonstrate the superiority of our approach in terms of achieved image quality.