涂覆层对光纤布拉格光栅应变传递的影响机理分析

利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)测量结构物表面的应变时,FBG的涂覆层会对其应变传递产生影响,从而造成测量结果与真实应变之间有较大的差异。针对此问题,建立了应变传递模型对有涂覆层和无涂覆层两种FBG应变传递率进行了理论分析,得出了两者的平均应变传递率随粘贴长度的增大而增大。为了验证理论模型的适用性,进行了等强度梁实验,实验结果表明在相同的粘贴长度下有涂覆层FBG的平均应变传递率较低,且其最大平均应变传递率仅能达到92%,而无涂覆层FBG在粘贴长度达到6 cm时,应变传递率已经可以达到99%,可以满足绝大多数的应变测量需求。所建立的应变传递数学模型与实际的试验验证结果相符,深刻揭示了涂覆层对FBG应变传递率的影响规律,为FBG应变测量的工程应用提供了重要的参考。     

用于难加工材料高效切削异面涂层刀具的研制

针对切削难加工材料时刀具前后刀面磨损机理不同、刀具寿命较短的问题,提出了在刀具前后刀面分别制备不同性能涂层的新方法,并对制备的异面涂层刀具进行了切削性能试验。首先对切削难加工材料时刀具磨损机理进行了研究,结果表明,刀具前刀面易于发生粘结磨损,后刀面易于发生磨粒磨损;然后,通过多弧离子镀方法,在前刀面制备了抗粘结能力强的Al Cr N多元涂层,在后刀面上制备了抗磨粒磨损能力强的Ti CN涂层。最后,对制备好的刀具进行了切削性能测试,结果表明,异面涂层能显著提高刀具的综合力学性能。     

TiAlN涂层与2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN不锈钢的摩擦性能研究

通过球—盘摩擦试验,结合扫描电镜、能谱仪等检测手段和表征方法,研究了TiAlN涂层与汽轮机48英寸叶片材料2Cr12Ni4Mo3VNbN的摩擦行为以及摩擦磨损机理。试验结果表明,TiAlN涂层球—盘磨损失效主要为氧化磨损与磨粒磨损共同作用的机制。TiAlN涂层在不同滑动速度下的摩擦系数先低后高,最后趋于平稳。涂层和不锈钢发生了明显的粘结现象,其抗粘结磨损性能较差。     

大口径传输反射镜的研究进展

针对我国惯性约束聚变装置(ICF)对高性能传输反射镜元件的性能要求,探索了大口径传输反射镜制备涉及的关键技术与工艺。深入开展了K9玻璃坯片研制、光学冷加工、传输反射镜镀膜和激光预处理等方面的研究工作。提出了400mm口径K9反射类坯片精密退火工艺,形成了高精度平面加工技术路线;制备了低缺陷薄膜,并且建立了大口径光学元件预处理装置。最后,综述了大口径高性能传输反射镜研制方面的主要成果。研制的400mm口径传输反射镜在1053nm处以45°入射时,其表面粗糙度优于99.8%,面形PV值小于λ/3(λ=1 053nm),损伤阈值大于30J/cm2(5ns)。基于提出的技术研制的大口径传输反射镜已成功应用于我国神光系列高功率激光装置,有力支撑了我国大型激光装置的稳定运行。     

SiC nanowire-toughened MoSi2-WSi2-SiC-Si multiphase coating for improved oxidation resistance of C/C composites

To improve the oxidation resistance of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites at high temperature, a SiC nanowire-toughened MoSi₂-WSi₂-SiC-Si multiphase coating was prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and pack cementation. The microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the coating were investigated. After the introduction of SiC nanowires, the elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness of the MoSi₂-WSi₂-SiC-Si coating were increased by 25.48%, 4.09% and 45.03%, respectively. The weight loss of the coated sample with SiC nanowires was deceased from 4.83–2.08% after thermal shock between 1773 K and room temperature for 30 cycles and the weight loss is only 3.24% after isothermal oxidation at 1773 K in air for 82 h. The good oxidation resistance of the coating is mainly attributed to that SiC nanowires can effectively inhibit the propagation of cracks in the coating by the toughening mechanisms including bridging and pull-out.     

Investigation on performances of Li1.2Co0.4Mn0.4O2 prepared by self-combustion reaction as stable cathode for lithium-ion batteries

Poor rate capability and cycling performance are the major barriers for Li-rich layered cathode materials to be applied as the next generation cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In our work, Li_1.2Co_0.4Mn_0.4O₂ has been successfully synthesized via a self-combustion reaction (SCR) and a calcination procedure. Compared with the material produced by the solid state method (SSM), the one by SCR exhibits both better rate capability and cycling performance. Its initial discharge capacity is 166.01 mA h g⁻¹ with the capacity retention of 85.98% after 50 cycles at a current density of 200 mA h g⁻¹. Its remarkable performance is attributed to a thin carbon coating layer, which not only slows down the transformation rate of layered to spinel structure, but provides a good electronic pathway to increase the Li⁺ diffusion coefficient.     

CeF3-modified LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material for high-voltage Li-ion batteries

A facile chemical deposition method has been adopted to prepare cerium fluoride (CeF₃) surface modified LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. Structure analyses reveal that the surface of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles is uniformly coated by CeF₃. Electrochemical tests indicate that the optimal CeF₃ content is 1 wt%. The 1 wt% CeF₃-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ can deliver a discharge capacity of 107.1 mA h g⁻¹ even at 5 C rate, while the pristine does only 57.3 mA h g⁻¹. Compared to the pristine, the 1 wt% CeF₃-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits the greatly enhanced capacity and cycling stability in the voltage range of 3.0–4.5 V, which suggests that the CeF₃ coating has the positive effect on the high-voltage application of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. According to the analyses from electrochemical impedance spectra, enhanced electrochemical performance is mainly because the stable CeF₃ coating layer can prevent the HF-containing electrolyte from continuously attacking the LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode and retard the passivating layer growth on the cathode.     

板坯自动喷涂技术在热连轧带钢厂的应用

目的降低炉内氧化烧损,提高产品的成材率。方法板坯在上料辊道上及进加热炉前,当检测的板坯温度低于300℃时,利用辊刷及空气吹扫装置清理上下表面后,喷涂一层防高温氧化隔离剂,然后装炉加热,经热连轧成卷。为了减少隔离剂的浪费,提高喷涂效果与设备运行效率,将毛状细钢丝改为钢丝绳,截止阀到喷嘴的距离(需要清洗段)由原约4 m缩短为0.2 m,材质由软塑料管改为内径5 mm的铜管。因上料辊道长度短,超过300℃的热坯必须停留在喷涂罩内,且时间不固定,因此系统设置停留时间≤10 min则继续喷涂,否则,清洗管路,停止喷涂。为了解决停留后需继续喷涂,导致喷涂层厚度不均,最终造成中间坯同块钢出现温度陡降的问题,需要延迟溢流阀门关闭0.5 s,喷涂系统压力维持在0.3 MPa之内。结果成材率可以提高0.3%以上,吨钢涂料消耗控制在0.33 kg以内。结论通过优化喷涂设备结构、材质以及喷涂溢流阀门动作时序,控制系统压力,能实现自动喷涂,获得涂层均匀、节省涂料、提高成材率的效果。     

装备修复用铜合金涂层制备方法及应用研究

目的为解决某型舰水泵叶轮轮毂等装备关键部件修复的难点问题,对电弧喷涂制备的铜合金涂层进行了重点研究。方法通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、拉伸试验机、磨损试验机等对所制备的涂层的显微形貌、显微硬度、结合强度、抗冲蚀性能等进行了评定。结果采用电弧喷涂技术制备的铜合金涂层组织致密,涂层与基体之间的结合强度平均值为18.58 MPa,显微硬度平均值为187.5HV0.3,高于基体硬度,孔隙率平均值为4.1%,冲蚀角为30°和90°时,铜合金涂层的磨损质量分别为0.024 g和0.020 g,显示出优异的耐磨抗冲蚀性能。结论采用电弧喷涂技术在水泵叶轮轮毂表面制备了铜合金涂层,不仅恢复了原设计尺寸,而且大幅提升了水泵叶轮表面的耐磨抗冲蚀性能,同时基体不产生变形,不需要进行动平衡试验,节能节材,预计使用寿命可提高3倍以上。该技术可为大、新型装备其他关键铜质部件维修保障提供新思路和新方法。     

超音速电弧喷涂NiTi混合涂层及其组织结构表征研究

目的为改善NiTi涂层在工程应用中的不足,研究一种性能更优越的表面喷涂材料。方法先对0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢基体表面进行预处理,包括用丙酮清洗(除油、除锈)及喷砂处理(棕刚玉颗粒),选择超音速火焰喷涂技术在基体表面分别制备NiTi/Ni、NiTi和NiTi/NiAl三种混合涂层,并分别采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对三种混合涂层的显微组织结构和形貌及相组成进行表征,同时在显微硬度计上进行硬度试验,测量三种涂层的厚度和硬度,并观察涂层与基体的结合界面形貌,进而对上述三种涂层的组织结构表征进行对比研究。结果 NiTi/Ni、NiTi、NiTi/NiAl涂层的硬度平均值分别为574.3、683.3、735,NiTi/Ni、NiTi、NiTi/NiAl涂层试样的平均厚度分别为279.3、270.5、229.4μm。NiTi/Ni混合涂层的主要组织为Ni3Ti和Ni,NiTi涂层的主要成分为NiTi(B2)相、NiO、TiO以及少量的NiO_2,NiTi/NiAl涂层主要含有NiTi、NiAl及少量的单质Ni和NiO_2。结论 NiTi/NiAl混合涂层的硬度最高,与基体的结合界面最致密,具有极强的抗氧化性,组织较均匀,因此总的来说,NiTi/NiAl混合涂层的性能稳定,工程应用中有望成为更加理想的涂层材料。