RC结构表层嵌入FRP加固技术研究概述

纤维增强聚合物在混凝土结构加固中应用的越来越多,本文首先介绍了纤维增强聚合物(Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称FRP)的性能,然后分别从混凝土结构外贴和表层嵌粘FRP应用实践、FRP与混凝土粘结性能、单一和混杂FRP加固混凝土结构性能和加固构件非线性有限元分析等方面,说明了目前混凝土结构嵌粘FRP的研究现状,混杂FRP加固技术既经济又有效,具有较大的研究意义。     

环氧树脂对玻璃纤维/水泥复合材料界面性能的影响

在细观单纤维拔出实验基础上,利用ANSYS有限元程序,结合生死单元方法,对环氧树脂接枝处理的玻璃纤维/水泥基复合材料纤维拔出行为进行数值模拟,获得了界面理想结合/界面非理想结合下的拔出荷载-位移曲线。讨论了环氧树脂光滑接枝与粗糙接枝对玻璃纤维/水泥基复合材料界面强度的影响,研究表明,环氧树脂接枝不仅具有良好的界面结合性,还具有良好的机械嵌合性。     

玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料界面的FTIR和XPS表征

分别用浓度为0.8wt%和1.0wt%的KH550硅烷偶联剂处理玄武岩纤维布,并制作成玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂(Basalt fiber reinforced epoxy resin,BFR-Epoxy)。根据FTIR测试结果的分析,可推测出纤维与树脂之间产生了C-OR键,即C-O-NH和C-O-Si键。树脂的环氧基断裂与纤维表面氨基形成的C-O-NH键;树脂中羟基与纤维表面的硅醇基形成的C-O-Si键。XPS测试证实了1.0wt%组复合材料的化学键C-OR的峰面积比大于0.8wt%组,表明前者具有更好的粘结效果。     

固化工艺参数对胶粘剂180°剥离强度的影响

以自制胶粘剂为基础,研究了剥离强度测试用样条的制备工艺对180°剥离强度的影响。结果表明:样条制备时的温度、压力、时间、胶层厚度和被粘材料表面粗糙度等因素对剥离强度影响较大,并且有一定的规律性,说明对每种胶粘剂的剥离强度测试,除统一测试标准外,还需研究测试用样条的适宜制备工艺,以降低剥离强度的测试误差。     

Structural modifications in stretch-induced crystallization in PVDF films as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering

The nanostructure of stretched and nonstretched PVDF samples was studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The crystallinity of the samples was determined by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and crystalline phases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanostructure can be described by a lamellar stacking of crystalline and amorphous layers, with a fairly well defined long period D and a diffuse-boundary in the interface between the crystalline and amorphous phases. The crystallinity of the stretched sample was found to be greater than that of the nonstretched sample. The long period D and the thicknesses of the crystalline lamellae T_c were found to be greater in the stretched sample than those in the nonstretched sample. The thickness of the diffuse-boundary was evaluated as being ∼ 1.4 nm in the nonstretched sample and 1.1 nm in the stretched sample. It was concluded that the growth of the thickness of the crystalline layer induced by the stretching process (stretch-induced crystallization) occurs partially at expense of the diffuse boundary and also by the coarsening of the structure with the stretching process, because of the diminution in the surface area to volume ratio observed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Influence of Y2O3 addition on the mechanical and oxidation behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced ZrB2/SiC composites

The influence of Y₂O₃ addition on the microstructure, thermo-mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of carbon fibre reinforced ZrB₂/SiC composites was investigated. Y₂O₃ reacted with oxide impurities present on the surface of ZrB₂ and SiC grains and formed a liquid phase, effectively lowering the sintering temperature and allowing to reach full density at 1900 °C. The presence of a carbon source (fibres) led to additional reactions which resulted in the formation of new secondary phases such as yttrium boro-carbides. Mechanical properties were significantly enhanced compared to the un-doped composite. Further tests at high temperatures resulted in strength increase up to 700 MPa at 1500 °C which was attributed to stress relaxation. Oxidation tests carried out at 1500 °C and 1650 °C in air showed that the presence of the Y-based secondary phases enhanced the growth of ZrO₂ grains, but offered limited protection to oxygen due to the lower availability of surficial SiO₂ formed from SiC.     

新旧水泥砂浆界面粘结性能试验研究

在荷载和环境因素作用下,混凝土结构产生不同程度的劣化。为了保证结构的安全性和耐久性,需要对损伤水泥基材料进行修复。基体的含水饱和度、界面粗糙度、修补砂浆的水灰比以及试件的养护条件都会影响修补砂浆与基体间的粘结强度。选取四种含水饱和度(0%、30%、70%、100%)的旧砂浆作为基体,浇筑水灰比为0.4和0.6的新砂浆,试件密封养护28 d,剪切试验结果表明:当新砂浆水灰比为0.6,旧砂浆含水饱和度按照70%、30%、100%、0%的顺序变化时,界面的剪切强度逐渐减小;当新砂浆水灰比为0.4,旧砂浆含水饱和度按照30%、0%、70%、100%的顺序变化时,界面的剪切强度逐渐减小。同时发现,新砂浆水灰比为0.4时的界面剪切强度普遍大于水灰比为0.6的数值。通过切槽法改变旧砂浆的界面粗糙度,然后浇筑水灰比为0.6的新砂浆,试件标准养护。剪切试验结果表明:当旧砂浆界面粗糙时,界面间的剪切强度是旧砂浆光滑时的1.26倍。选取两种含水饱和度(0%、100%)的旧砂浆作为基体,浇筑水灰比为0.4和0.6的新砂浆,分别进行标准养护和密封养护,剪切试验结果表明:在旧砂浆含水饱和度和新砂浆水灰比相同的情况下,标准养护下的界面剪切强度明显大于密封养护下的界面剪切强度。     

In situ emulsion polymerization and characterization of PVAc nanocomposites including colloidal silica nanoparticles for wood specimens bonding

Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) nanocomposites for wood adhesives containing different amounts of colloidal silica nanoparticles (CSNs) were synthesized via in situ one-step emulsion polymerization. The adhesion strength of wood specimens bonded by PVAc nanocomposites was investigated by the tensile test. Thermal properties of PVAc nanocomposites were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Rheological and morphological properties of the PVAc nanocomposites were investigated using rheometric mechanical spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The obtaining results showed that the shear strength of PVAc nanocomposite including 1 wt. % CSNs has the highest shear and tensile strength about 4.7 and 3.2 MPa, respectively. A small increment of T_g (~3 °C) and considerable increment of the ash content proved the enhancement of PVAc thermal characterization in the presence of CSNs. FESEM results showed uniform dispersion of nanoparticles throughout the PVAc matrix due to using the in situ emulsion polymerization process. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48570.     

Optimized dual-function varistor-capacitor ceramics of core-shell structured xBi2/3Cu3Ti4O12/(1-x)CaCu3Ti4O12 composites

xBi_2/3Cu₃Ti₄O₁₂/(1-x)CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ composites were prepared by traditional solid-state reaction method. Extremely high nonlinear coefficient of 25 and breakdown field of 18.92 kV·cm⁻¹ were obtained in small current range of 0.1−1 mA·cm^-2. In addition, reduced dielectric loss of 0.055 was achieved with high dielectric constant of 1369. Optimized nonlinear and dielectric properties were integrated to make the composites a promising dual-function varistor-capacitor candidate. Microstructure analysis discovered two areas with various Bi/Ca ratio, designated as Bi-H and Bi-L respectively. It was found that the maximum ratio of Bi-H/Bi-L heterogeneous interface corresponded to optimized nonlinear and dielectric performance, which was associated with elevated potential barrier height and huge grain boundary resistance. Combined with relaxation analysis, a core-shell structure was proposed to elaborate microstructure evolution in xBi_2/3Cu₃Ti₄O₁₂/(1-x)CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ composite. According to the core-shell model, variation of heterogeneous interface was illustrated on how to influence nonlinear properties, which was well fitted to experimental results.     

絮体表面形态对膜污染预测的影响

现有对混凝-膜过滤过程中膜污染的预测分析,一般采用XDLVO理论对光滑界面的作用能进行计算,但混凝絮体表面形态会对预测结果产生较大的影响。利用正弦波球体模型对粗糙腐殖酸(HA)絮体表面进行模拟,并通过表面元素积分法(SEI)结合XDLVO理论与复合辛普森规则,对不同粗糙程度的混凝絮体与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的界面作用能进行量化模拟;并将结果与传统XDLVO理论模拟的光滑界面作用能进行了比较。实验结果表明,该模型适用于混凝-膜过滤体系中絮体界面作用能的模拟,同时在模拟过程中,由于粗糙度的不同会导致界面作用能在数值上存在1~2个数量级的差异;并且粗糙的絮体较完全光滑的絮体与膜污染趋势的拟合程度更高,即引入絮体表面形态对利用絮体与膜界面间相互作用能表征膜污染趋势的置信度更高。