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11.
The deactivation characteristics of Pd/SiO2 in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene were correlated with changes in the amount of the C4 species produced. The amounts of butenes produced changed in parallel with the catalyst activity, indicating that the rate limiting step for butene production was the same as that for acetylene hydrogenation. On the other hand, the amount of 1,3-butadiene produced changed, showing a maximum with catalyst deactivation because 1,3-butadiene is an intermediate in the sequential reaction process which involves both the production and consumption of 1,3-butadiene. This was verified by a simultaneous TG/reaction experiment showing that 1,3-butadiene was a precursor of green oil. The catalyst showed a self-regenerative behavior in its activity and the amounts of C4 species produced during the early stage of deactivation because two opposite factors, which contributed to either the lowering or the promotion of activity, were involved in the process. A specific type of polymer species, produced during the initial period of deactivation, is proposed to be responsible for the promotion of catalyst activity. 相似文献
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On the basis of new concept using a solid disperse phase we have developed an efficient catalytic solid-phase-system for epoxidations of alkenes using urea–hydrogen peroxide (urea–H2O2) complex and cetylpyridinium dodecatungstate ((CetylPy)10[H2W12O42]) catalyst on fluorapatite (FAp). The recovered solid catalyst phase was reused to keep the catalytic activity after several times. In the conceptual idea it is a key point that in situ solid-phase-activation of the catalyst with urea–H2O2 proceeds to form microcrystals of the active species dispersed on the solid phase. The dispersion of the catalyst on FAp in the case of tungstic acid (H2WO4) was suggested by EPMA analysis. We proposed the peroxo type of species keeping the parent polyoxometalate framework as novel active species from FT-IR spectroscopic studies. FAp phase plays important roles of dispersing the active species on its surface to have high catalytic activity and of stabilizing the active species to lead to high reusability. 相似文献
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针对双组分等温平行反应体系,分析讨论了以提高催化剂活性和选择性为目标时催化剂活性组分的最优分布形式(为δ-函数分布),并给出了确定这种反应体系的催化剂的最佳活性层位置的计算方法。结果表明:以提高选择性为目标的最佳活性层位置比以提高活性为目标的要更靠近催化剂核心,实用的最优位置应介于二者之间。最后,本文还研究了反应动力学级数、本性选择性以及内扩散模数(Thiele 模数)等因素对最佳活性层位置的影响。 相似文献
17.
U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应动力学研究 Ⅰ.Fe~(2+)对U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应的催化作用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一、前言由于U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换体系具有相当大的同位素效应和很好的稳定性,并且容易实现两相回流,这对于分离U同位素的工业应用都是十分有利的。但是,U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换反应速度非常慢,常温下H~+浓度为1.0—4.0 mol/l时,速度常数为1.0×10~(-4)l~2/mol·s。因此要用U(IV)-U(VI)交换体系浓缩铀同位素,必须研究U(IV)-U(VI)交换反应动力学,找到加快交换反应的方法。 相似文献
18.
Sang Cheol Lee Won Kook Lee 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1992,55(3):251-261
The extraction of penicillin G from simulated media was performed by water/oil/water (w/o/w) emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs) and studied under various operational conditions in a batch system. The degree of extraction achieved was between 80% and 95% under specific conditions. A concentration of greater than nine times the initial concentration of penicillin G in the external phase was obtained in the internal phase. The pH of the internal aqueous solution, containing a basic salt, was theoretically calculated on the basis of the amount of penicillin G transported into the internal phase. The calculated results agreed with the experimental data well and were used to select a suitable type and concentration of a basic salt in the internal phase to give a pH within the range 5 to 8 where penicillin G was stable after the termination of extraction. The extraction of penicillin G was successfully performed by the ELM process with sodium carbonate in the internal phase. 相似文献
19.
D. P. Dreoni D. Pinelli F. Trifirò Z. Tvaruzkova H. Habersberger P. Jiru 《Catalysis Letters》1991,11(3-6):285-294
The catalyst behaviour of titanium silicalite, which was found the most active and selective catalyst for liquid-phase ammoximation of cyclohexanone to the corresponding oxime with hydrogen peroxide, was investigated in the gas-phase ammoximation with molecular oxygen in and compared with those of pure silicalite and samples of vanadium and chromium silicalites. The results showed that Ti-silicalite is a selective catalyst not only in the reaction with hydrogen peroxide but also in the reaction with molecular oxygen. However, a big limitation was found in the poor activity of the silicalites which do not allow to reach high oxime yields. 相似文献
20.
悬浮床加氢裂化油溶性催化剂与沥青质的作用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在高压釜反应器中对添加了油溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-O)和水溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-W)的辽河稠油常压渣油(LHAR)进行了悬浮床加氢裂化实验。通过元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析对抑制反应生焦效果好的 UPC-O 与 LHAR 沥青质的作用进行了研究。元素分析结果显示,在 LHAR 中加入 UPC-O1000μg/g,沥青质和脱沥青质油中 Ni 含量分别出476μg/g和110μg/g 增加到7 559μg/g 和1 024μg/g,表明 UPC-O 在沥青质中有富集的趋势。FTIR 表征结果显示,UPC-O 和沥青质发生了相互作用。UPC-O 可在沥青质原位硫化为活性组分,对沥青质在悬浮床加氢裂化反应中的缩合起到好的抑制作用。 相似文献