两种粒度叠氮化铅半导体桥点火特性研究

用半导体桥(Semiconductor Bridge,SCB)研究了点燃两种不同粒度(细化5～15μm和结晶300μm)的叠氮化铅(LeadAzide,LA)所需的电压、电流和光信号。结果表明:细化LA被SCB点燃时,其出光时间早于SCB二次峰结束时间,而结晶LA出光时间要晚于SCB二次峰结束时间。随SCB点火电压增加,SCB二次峰的持续时间以及出光时间均缩短。由D-最优化法所得两种LA点火数据显示:细化LA的最小发火电压是结晶LA的50%。     

半导体桥对含能材料的点火特性研究

在10μF钽电容放电激励下,对两种阻值相当质量不同的半导体桥(SCB)和细化的发火药剂斯蒂芬酸铅(LTNR)和叠氮化铅(PbN6)所组成的发火件进行了实验研究,根据发火件的电特性变化和发火现象发现半导体桥存在电热发火、电爆发火和等离子体发火三种情况,测试了SCB/LTNR和SCB/PbN6发火件的50%发火电压和发火时间。结果表明半导体桥的发火电压阈值不仅与发火药剂有关,还与半导体桥换能元有关,所以半导体桥的设计存在最佳质量,通过对比得知LTNR比PbN6感度高,PbN6比LTNR的燃速高。     

基于脉振高频电压注入的对转永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

为了简化对转永磁同步电机（PMSM）的结构,提高其工作性能,研究了该种电机的无位置传感器控制技术。结合面贴式对转PMSM的性质,建立了其数学模型,利用电机稳态时双转子转速相等的特点,提出了一种基于高频脉振电压信号注入的转速估算方法。设计了转速跟踪观测器,建立了对转PMSM的仿真模型和无位置传感器矢量控制系统。仿真结果与理论分析相吻合,表明该系统可使面贴式对转PMSM在全速域内实现无位置传感器控制。系统跟踪准确,响应迅速,鲁棒性强。     

Superior integrated field emission cathode with ultralow turn-on field and high stability based on SiC nanocone arrays

Low turn-on field (E_to) and stable electron emission are two of key parameters for reliable application of field emission (FE) cathodes. In the present work, we developed a novel high-performance integrated field emission cathode based on well-aligned SiC nanocone arrays via an electrochemical etching approach. The etched SiC nanocone emitters and the underlying remaining SiC wafer are designed into a single-crystalline integrated architecture without interfaces, which favors cathodes with a sturdy configuration to resist Joule heat during long period electron emission process and structural failure caused by the existed strong electrostatic forces. Accordingly, the E_to of the integrated SiC cathode is reduced to 0.32 V/μm, which is the lowest value among all the previously reported SiC nanostructured emitters. In addition, the integrated cathode presented superior stability with an electron emission fluctuation of 3.3% over 10 h. This work provides a new perspective for designing and fabricating advanced FE cathodes for further promising applications in harsh working conditions with high performance.     

火法冶炼烟气治理实践

长期以来熔炼车间因受制于设备性能,炉况波动,电收尘收尘效率不佳等问题。导致烟尘后移至排烟风机出入口及后段烟道,造成排烟系统阻力增大,排烟不畅,炉内压难以受控,铜酸系统被迫停运定修,进行设备检修维护和排烟系统积灰的清理。阳极炉烟气高效回收利用,吃干榨尽,提高硫直收率,不仅能回收二氧化硫制造硫酸带来可观的经济效益,还能直观的改善现场作业环境,打造绿色生产典范。通过攻关,降低了主工艺系统的停运时间,更重要的是降低了生产成本,提升了各项技术经济指标,使贵冶在同行业中更具竞争力。     

35kV系统限流电抗器在变电站中的研究与应用

电抗器是用来限制电路中的短路电流和提高系统的残压,利用其电感特性。降低短路电流对电网的冲击,保护电网的稳定性。同时电抗器会在线路中损耗一部分电压和电能。老式的电抗器,由于压降较大,为了保证用户端的电压等级达标,就必须增加电源端的电压等级。当电源端的电压等级提高就加速了输电设备的绝缘老化,增加了故障发生率,所以需探讨限流电抗器在变电站中的安全应用。     

基于电热场平衡锂电解强化研究

利用有限元法建立了三维锂电解槽电热场仿真模型,考察了电解槽结构参数对电热场的影响。结果表明,缩短阴阳极间距(ACD),增加阳极半径(Ar)、阴极厚度(Ct)及阴极高度(Ch)均可以在保持能量平衡的前提下提高电解槽的电流强度。对上述参数进行无量纲化研究,得到了方程:CI=30000×(ACD/40)~(-0.24519)×(Ar/150)~(0.79291)×(Ct/225)~(0.09835)×(Ch/700)~(0.37953),对于电解槽的放大设计,可以根据上述方程,不对电解槽进行复杂的建模计算,进而节省资源,提高效率。     

Modelling photovoltaic modules with neural networks using angle of incidence and clearness index

A neural network for modelling photovoltaic modules using angle of incidence and clearness index is proposed. Engineers require methods to estimate the output of a photovoltaic plant depending on meteorological conditions. Therefore, models for the grid inverter and the generator must be provided, and their outputs must be combined. The connection between both models is related to the maximum power point of the generator and how it is tracked by the inverter. That maximum power point under specific conditions of irradiance and module temperature is determined by the I–V curve of the module, which must be simulated under those conditions. Algebraic procedures were used to simulate the I–V curve. Recently, neural networks have been used for the same purpose. Previous methods only take into account the irradiance and the module temperature. The model proposed is based on neural networks, and it uses not only the irradiance and the module temperature but also the angle of incidence and the instantaneous clearness index as additional inputs. The normalised clearness replaces the standard clearness index because it allows the removal of the hourly trend found in this last index. This new model improves the results obtained with previous ones as it can distinguish amongst samples with the same solar irradiance and temperature values but with different angle of incidence and instantaneous clearness index. Results show that this model could be used to improve the accuracy of the tools used to forecast the output of photovoltaic plants. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of lithium intercalation on the photovoltaic performances of photovoltachromic cells

In the last few years, a new class of smart multifunctional photoelectrochemical devices has been attracting the interest of several academic institutions and industrial companies: photovoltachromic cells, combining the features of photoelectrochromic cells with those of dye‐sensitized solar cells. Here, we report the results of a detailed electrochemical analysis aiming at investigating the electrochemical behavior of these complex photoelectrochemical devices. In particular, we have been focused on the effect of Li⁺ ions displacement during the coloration of the electrochromic tungsten oxide on the performances of the photovoltaic unit. As we had previously observed striking differences between the performances of the barely photovoltaic mode (with the tungsten oxide in the bleached state) and the photovoltachromic mode (with the tungsten oxide in the colored state), we thus attempted to provide a reasonable physical interpretation to the observed phenomena. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

磷酸铁的研究进展

近年来,磷酸铁锂（LiFePO4）因具有突出优势已成为锂离子电池正极材料研究热点,磷酸铁与磷酸铁锂结构非常相似而成为正极材料的一种重要前躯体。介绍了磷酸铁的结构、制备方法研究现状和最新进展。