透明木材及其功能化研究进展

本文首先简要阐述了透明木材的制备工艺;然后论述了透明木材在建筑材料、发光材料、热储能材料等领域的应用;并阐述了透明木材基复合材料在太阳能电池及电子器件等领域的应用研究进展;最后就透明木材制备存在的问题进行了讨论,并展望了透明木材功能材料的发展前景。     

酸掺杂聚苯胺催化马来酸丁酯化及动力学

用对甲苯磺酸作为搀杂剂对水相氧化法合成的盐酸搀杂的聚苯胺(HC l/PANI)进行搀杂,制备了由聚苯胺(PANI)负载对甲苯磺酸的固体酸催化剂(PTSA/PANI)。以PTSA/PANI为催化剂、马来酸酐和正丁醇为原料合成马来酸二丁酯。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对反应的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性能,测定了反应动力学。最佳反应工艺条件为:n(正丁醇)∶n(马来酸酐)=3.33∶1、w(PTSA/PANI)=3.81%、反应温度≤130℃、反应时间3 h。结果表明,在该条件下马来酸酐的转化率为96.23%;催化剂经重复使用5次后,马来酸酐的转化率为90.82%;确定反应级数为二级,表观活化能为41.0 kJ/mol。对甲苯磺酸搀杂聚苯胺催化剂具有催化活性高、稳定性好、容易制备、无环境污染等优点。     

填充型多相聚合物导电复合材料的PTC效应

以聚丙烯和低密度聚乙烯共混物为基体,用碳黑为填充材料制备了复合导电材料,导电性能的测试表明多相复合体系的渗滤阈值低于两相复合体系的渗滤阈值。对复合材料PTC效应的分析以及对材料的热性能测试结果表明碳黑在共混体系中的分布。同时探讨了体系碳黑含量的变化对PTC效应的影响。     

聚酯/聚苯胺复合织物化学镀铜效果的影响因素

利用超声波辅助化学镀方法在聚酯/聚苯胺复合织物表面均匀沉积金属铜.探讨聚苯胺的沉积条件、化学镀工艺中敏化和活化条件以及超声波辅助等条件对复合织物方阻值、增重率及结合性能等方面的影响.通过浸泡法和阳极极化法比较聚酯/聚苯胺、聚酯/铜和聚酯/聚苯胺/铜3种复合织物的耐腐蚀性能.利用扫描电镜对不同织物的表观形貌进行表征,同时...     

Harnessing anaerobic digestion for combined cooling,heat, and power on dairy farms: An environmental life cycle and techno-economic assessment of added cooling pathways

Anaerobic digestion coupled with combined heat and power production on dairy farms is environmentally advantageous; however, high capital and operating costs have limited its adoption, especially in the United States, where renewable electricity and heat production are under-incentivized. Biogas is also at a disadvantage because it has to compete with very low natural gas prices. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of integrating absorption refrigeration technology for combined cooling, heat, and power (CCHP) on the farm to help bridge this economic hurdle. A combined environmental life cycle and techno-economic assessment was used to compare 2 cooling pathways with and without co-digestion. We considered using CCHP to (1) displace electricity-driven refrigeration processes (e.g., milk chilling/refrigeration, biogas inlet cooling) or (2) mitigate heat stress in dairy cattle via conductive cow cooling. All cooling scenarios reduced environmental emissions compared with combined heat and power only, with an appreciable reduction in land use impacts when employing conductive cow cooling. However, none of the cooling scenarios achieved economically viability. When using cooling power to displace electricity-driven refrigeration processes, economic viability was constrained by low electricity prices and a lack of incentives in the United States. When used for conductive cow cooling, economic viability was constrained by (1) low waste heat-to-cooling conversion efficiency; (2) limited conductive cow cooling effectiveness (i.e., heat-stress mitigation); and (3) low heat stress frequency and limited severity. However, we predict that with minor improvements in conductive cow cooling effectiveness and in hotter climates, CCHP for conductive cow cooling would be economically viable even in current US energy markets.     

一种防止声表面波器件静电烧伤的方法

为了防止声表面波器件被自身的热释电静电烧伤,提出了一种新的静电防护方法.该方法采用导电介质来实现对声表面波器件引脚的良好接触,并建立了静电传导途径,实现了热释电静电的释放,解决了困扰声表面波器件的静电敏感问题.试验结果表明,该方法能有效预防静电烧伤,具有很好的实用性.     

单分散复合导电微球制备研究进展

对电子封装中的热点技术——各向异性导电胶的关键成分导电微球的制备进展进行系统阐述,并对微球表面镀镍过程中的影响因素进行分析讨论,综述了导电微球制备的最新进展及应用前景。     

雾霾环境下微细导电颗粒诱发复合绝缘子沿面放电特征

针对当前雾霾大气环境对输变电设备外绝缘运行可靠性的影响,在实验室条件下采用微米级铁粉模拟雾霾中微细导电颗粒,研究交流电压下铁粉颗粒直径、含量以及位置对复合绝缘子沿面放电特征的影响,运用高速摄像机观察分析沿面闪络过程中导电颗粒物动态变化及其诱发的沿面放电现象,获取电晕放电、电晕和沿面流注放电共存、沿面流注放电3个主要阶段的放电特征,建立了闪络电压、放电发光亮度与导电颗粒物粒径、含量与位置的变化规律。研究结果有助于掌握雾霾环境下绝缘子放电机理,对提高污染新形势下电力系统外绝缘可靠性具有重要意义。     

三维柔性触觉传感器模型仿真及试验研究

具有三维力检测功能的柔性触觉传感器是机器人的关键技术之一.以力敏导电橡胶为敏感材料,设计了一种柔性三维力传感器,介绍了三维力传感器的结构和数学模型.利用有限元分析软件(ANSYS),结合橡胶材料的Mooney-Rivlin本构模型对传感器模型进行加载力分析,以验证传感器的理论模型.通过提取和分析传感器模型在三维力作用下...     

导电混凝土电热层布置对路面除冰效果的影响

介绍了导电混凝土的概念及碳纤维混凝土的电热效应；从能量守恒的角度分析了导电混凝土电热层的不同布置对混凝土路面融雪化冰效果的影响。分析结果表明，采用导电混凝土覆层的形成布置电热层可取得较好的融雪化冰效果，导电混凝土覆层的厚度为40－50mm。