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101.
Dickschat JS Bode HB Wenzel SC Müller R Schulz S 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2005,6(11):2023-2033
The volatiles released by agar plate cultures of two strains of the myxobacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca (strains Sg a15 and DW4/3-1) were collected in a closed-loop stripping apparatus (CLSA) and analyzed by GC-MS. Large numbers of substances from different compound classes (ketones, esters, lactones, terpenes, and sulfur and nitrogen compounds) were identified; several of them are reported from natural sources for the first time. The volatiles 2-methyltridecan-4-one (17), its isomer 3-methyltridecan-4-one (20), and the higher homologue 2-methyltetradecan-4-one (18) were identified in the extracts of both strains and were synthesized. In addition, strain Sg a15 produced 2,12-dimethyltridecan-4-one (19), 2-methyltridec-2-en-4-one (23), and a series of phenyl ketones, among them 1-phenyldecan-1-one (14) and 9-methyl-1-phenyldecan-1-one (16), whereas strain DW4/3-1 emitted traces of 10-methylundecan-2-one (21). The biosynthesis of 14 and 16 was examined in feeding experiments with deuterated precursors carried out on agar plate cultures. The leucine-derived starter unit isovalerate was shown to be incorporated into 16, as was phenylalanine-derived benzoic acid into both 14 and 16. The results point to formation both of the phenyl ketones and of the structurally related aliphatic ketones through an unusual head-to-head coupling between a starter unit such as benzoyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA, followed by decarboxylation. 相似文献
102.
The percentages of aromatic carbon in three representative solid coal samples and one pitch sample have been determined by three different n.m.r. techniques. The first two involve the use of cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) and in one case, the magnetization curves were fitted to a theoretical expression and the fit parameters used to calculate the percentage of aromatic carbon. In the second case, the percentage of aromatic carbons was obtained from a choice of contact time in the cross-polarization pulse sequence which gave maximum signal intensity. The third technique used MAS together with a simple 90° carbon pulse sequence with a 5 × T1, (for the carbon-13 nuclei) recycle time and was assumed to give the absolute quantitative values. It was found that the results obtained using cross-polarization techniques could be substantially different from those obtained using 90° pulses and that caution must be exercised in the application of these techniques to the quantitative analysis of solid carbonaceous fuels. 相似文献
103.
As part of a study of the chemistry of the steam-stimulated recovery of heavy oils, the hydrolysis and subsequent desulphurization of tetrahydrothiophene and thiophene by aqueous solutions of vanadyl and nickel salts was investigated. Vanadyl sulphate and vanadyl chloride were shown to behave very differently, emphasizing that these salts have different molecular species in aqueous solutions. 相似文献
104.
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106.
B. Stypuła J. Banaś M. Starowicz H. Krawiec A. Bernasik A. Janas 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2006,36(12):1407-1414
The anodic behaviour of copper was investigated in ethanol solution containing LiClO4, LiCl electrolyte and water. The type of electrolyte and the water content influences the mechanism of the anodic process and the formation of anodic products. In LiClO4 electrolyte the dissolution of copper is related to the oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II). In solutions of LiCl the etching of copper begins with the creation of soluble complexes of Cu(I) with chloride ions and solvent molecules. At potentials above 0.4 V the formation of alkoxides was observed in both solutions, characterized by a yellow tint. On the other hand, above 0.8 V (i.e. above the equilibrium potential of alcohol oxidation) copper dissolution is accompanied by the formation of a blue colloidal suspension of Cu (II) copper salt. Anodic etching of copper in solutions containing 3% H2O at potentials higher than 0.4 V leads to the formation of colloidal suspension of copper oxide nanoparticles. 相似文献
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109.
The group-contribution method for vapor pressures of hydrocarbons and organic compounds containing nitrogen or sulfur, based on the kinetic theory of fluids, is revised and extended to include new groups containing nitrogen or sulfur. Good representation is obtained for vapor pressure data in the region 1.30-270 kPa. The method may be used to estimate vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization for those organic fluids containing nitrogen or sulfur, where no experimental data are available. 相似文献
110.
Both covalent (obtained by direct fluorination at high temperature) and semi-ionic carbon fluorides (synthesized at room temperature) were reduced in order to obtain disordered carbons containing very small content of fluorine and different physical properties according to the reduction treatment (chemical, thermal or electrochemical). After a physical characterization (X-ray diffraction, electron spin resonance and FT-IR spectroscopies), the electrochemical behaviours of the pristine carbon fluorides and of the treated samples were investigated during the insertion of lithium using liquid carbonate-based electrolytes (LiClO4-EC/PC, 50:50%, v/v). Both galvanostatic and voltammetric modes were performed and revealed that the voltage profiles and the capacities differed according to the starting material and the reduction treatment. Semi-ionic carbon fluoride treated in F2 atmosphere for 2 h at 150 °C and then chemically reduced in KOH exhibits high reversible capacities (the reversible capacity is 530 mAh g−1 in the second cycle); in this case, the voltage profiles show a large flat portion at potentials lower than 0.3 V which is attributed to the insertion/deinsertion of lithium ions between the small graphene sheets and/or the absorption of pseudo metallic lithium into the microporosity of the sample. Nevertheless, a part of the lithium ions are removed at potentials higher than 0.5 V versus Li+/Li limiting the useful capacity. 相似文献